鐵人三項選手補充高礦物質運動飲料加速賽後的體能恢復

High Mineral Sports Drink Accelerates Physical Recovery After Competition in Triathletes

魏振展(Chen-Chan Wei)

《大專體育學刊》 23卷2期 (2021/06) Pp. 210-226

https://doi.org/10.5297/ser.202106_23(2).0007

摘要

鐵人三項比賽為高強度耐力運動，過程中會造成身體大量流汗，使體內的鉀與鈉等礦物質流失，影響第二天比賽的體能狀況。因此，本研究目的欲探討高強度運動補充高礦物質運動飲料，是否會加速運動後24h的體能恢復。研究方法以17位鐵人三項運動員為研究對象，實驗採交叉設計，每位運動員接受2次測驗，每次測驗為期2天。第一天以70％最大攝氧量強度騎乘自由車1h，並於過程中補充低礦物質（簡稱低礦）運動飲料或高礦物質（簡稱高礦）運動飲料600ml，再進行跑步最大能力及運動能力測試。經過24h體能恢復後，重複檢測跑步最大能力和運動能力。研究結果顯示：補充高礦飲料在24h體能恢復後，跑步最大表現顯著優於補充低礦飲料。生化指標丙二醛，補充高礦飲料在運動後及體能恢復後皆顯著低於補充低礦飲料；血液中紅血球濃度及血比容的結果，補充高礦飲料在24h體能恢復後顯著低於補充低礦飲料。大腦前額葉總血流量，補充高礦飲料於150～230s顯著高於補充低礦飲料；氧和血紅素，儘管補充低礦飲料於150～180s顯著高於補充高礦飲料，但補充高礦飲料在210～260s顯著高於補充低礦飲料。本研究結論：補充含高礦運動飲料，在高強度運動後可減低鐵人三項運動員氧化壓力，並加速24h的體能恢復。

關鍵字

跑步最大能力 ； 運動能力 ； 氧化壓力

並列摘要

Triathlon competition is a high-intensity endurance sport. During the competition, excessive sweating may result in the loss of electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium that would affect the next day's competition performance of participants. Therefore, this study investigated whether high mineral sports drink supplementation can accelerate the physical recovery within 24 h after high-intensity exercise. Seventeen triathletes were recruited for this study, and a crossover design was adopted. Each athlete performed a high-intensity exercise 2 times separated by a 2 days interval. During each test, participants rode a bike for 1 h at 70% maximal oxygen consumption, and consumed a 600 ml of high mineral or low mineral sports drink. Athletic performances were assessed using maximal running performance test and sports ability tests. After 24 h of physical recovery, the athletic performances of each athlete were re-assessed using the same tests. The results showed that 24 h after high-intensity exercise, high mineral sports drink supplementation produced better physical recovery in maximal running performance compared with low mineral sports drink. The malondialdehyde levels were significantly lower right after high-intensity exercise and also after 24 h of recovery with high mineral sports drink. The red blood cell concentration and hematocrit were significantly lower in athletes with high mineral sports drink after 24 h of physical recovery compared with low mineral sports drink supplementation. Total blood flow in prefrontal cortex was higher from 150 to 230 s in athletes having high mineral sports drink compared with low mineral sports drink. Oxyhemoglobin was higher from 150 to 180 s in athletes having low mineral sports drink, but it was higher from 210 to 260 s in athletes having high mineral sports drink. In conclusion, supplementation of high mineral sports drink during high-intensity exercise can reduce the oxidative stress and accelerate 24 h of physical recovery in triathletes.

並列關鍵字

maximal running performance ； sports ability ； oxidative stress

參考文獻

蔣昇杰、張瑞泰（2013）。鐵人三項運動的特性。高師大體育，11 期，62-80 頁。doi: 10.6305/PENKNU.2013.11.5[Jiang, S.-J., & Chang, R.-T. (2013). Characteristics of triathlon. Journal of NKNUPE, 11, 62-80. doi: 10.6305/PENKNU.2013.11.5]

黃涵瑳、許美智、王香生（2002）。長時間運動後補充含抗氧化劑運動飲料對復水與血液生化值的效應。大專體育學刊，4 卷 2 期，131-140 頁。doi: 10.5297/ser.200212_4(2).0012[Huang, H.-T., Hsu, M.-C., & Wong, H.-S. (2002). The effects of antioxidant sport drink supplementation on rehydration after exhaustive exercise. Journal of Physical Education in Higher Education, 4(2), 131-140. doi: 10.5297/ser.200212_4(2).0012]

陳信良、林明儒、柯學謙、陳忠慶（2011）。運動引起延遲性肌肉酸痛對不同強度跑之攝氧量的影響。嘉大體育健康休閒期刊，10 卷 3 期，178-187 頁。doi: 10.6169/NCYUJPEHR.10.3.19[Chen, H.-L., Lin, M.-J., Ko, H.-C., & Chen, C.-C. (2011). Effect of delayed-onset muscle soreness on V3O2max in different running intensity. NCYU Physical Education, Health & Recreation Journal, 10(3), 178-187. doi: 10.6169/NCYUJPEHR.10.3.19]

林姵吟、徐煒杰、鄭景峰（2015）。以近紅外線光譜儀探討遞增負荷運動對大腦與肌肉氧飽和度之影響。運動生理暨體能學報，20 輯，13-21頁。doi: 10.6127/JEPF.2015.20.02[Lin, P.-Y., Hsu, W.-C., & Cheng, C.-F. (2015). Effect of incremental exercise on cerebral and muscular oxygenation measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Exercise Physiology and Fitness, 20, 13-21. doi: 10.6127/JEPF.2015.20.02]

吳家慶、黃滄海、謝伸裕（2005）。鐵人三項比賽對肌肉損傷指標與脂質過氧化的影響。運動生理暨體能學報，2 輯，93-102 頁。doi: 10.6127/JEPF.2005.02.08[Wu, C.-C., Huang, T.-H., & Hsieh, S.-Y. (2005). Effects of a triathlon race on the indices of muscle damage and lipid peroxidation. Journal of Exercise Physiology and Fitness, 2, 93-120. doi: 10.6127/JEPF.2005.02.08]