大專運動員與非運動員視覺認知的差異

本研究主要目的為瞭解不同運動型態優秀大專選手與非運動員反應抑制與視覺空間注意力特性的差異。本研究招募93位18～25歲大專運動員，將其分為4組：25位棒球選手為策略性運動組、25位桌球選手為截擊性持拍運動組、21位拳擊選手為截擊性穿戴手套運動組、22位射箭選手為靜態性運動組，以及26位非運動員為控制組，使其執行過／不過（go/no-go）與遮蔽取向的視覺空間注意力任務（covert orienting of visuo-spatial attention tasks, COVAT）作業以評估認知表現。研究結果發現：較簡單性的抑制反應作業各組在反應時間與正確率未達顯著差異；然視覺空間注意力作業，桌球組在有效及無效提示情境的反應時間皆顯著快於拳擊組；同樣地，相較於桌球組，拳擊組有顯著更大的無效提示效應值（invalid cue effect size, ICEs）；另外，棒球組在ICEs顯著小於射箭、拳擊與非運動員組。本研究結論認為策略性與截擊性持拍運動，例如棒球、桌球選手相對較具注意力控制之優勢，推論此類選手可能在認知作業複雜度提升時，藉由長時間參與運動專項訓練而對視覺空間注意力與注意力轉移能力有正面效益。

關鍵字

反應抑制；視覺空間注意力；策略性運動；截擊性運動；靜態性運動

並列摘要

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in response inhibition and visual-spatial attention between elite college athletes from different types of sports and non-athletes. Ninety-three college athletes, aged 18 to 25 years, were divided into four sport groups: 25 baseball players in the strategic sport group, 25 table tennis players in the interceptive actions with racket sport group, 21 boxers in the interceptive actions with boxing gloves sport group, 22 archers in the static sport group, and 26 age-matched non-athletes were recruited from college students. All participants were performed on go/no-go task and covert orienting of visuo-spatial attention tasks (COVAT). The results showed that go response times and accuracy were not significantly different between athletes and non-athletes groups. Regarding COVAT, the table tennis group had shorter response times in both cue conditions than boxing group. Concerning the invalid cue effect size (ICEs) of attentional shifting of ability, boxers showed larger ICEs compared to table tennis players. In addition, the values of ICEs were lower in baseball players than archery, boxing, and control groups. We conclude that strategic sport (baseball) and interceptive racket sport (table tennis) have beneficial effects on the attentional control of executive function by regularly engaging in sport training.

並列關鍵字

response inhibition ； visual-spatial attention ； strategic sport ； interceptive sport ； static sport

參考文獻

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