頻率、粒徑與微波對超音波輔助赤芝總多醣萃取之影響

Effect of Frequency, Particle Size and Microwave Energy on Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Ganoderma Lucidum Total Carbohydrate

蔡依潔(Yi-Chieh Tsai) ； 陳仲仁(Chung-Jen Chen)

《臺灣農業化學與食品科學》 58卷2&3期 (2020/06) Pp. 76-84

https://doi.org/10.6578/TJACFS.202006_58(2_3).0004

摘要

赤芝是一種食藥用菌，長久以來被認為是一種食品來源的保健品，因為從赤芝中萃取分離的多醣具有抗腫瘤、抗氧化、抗發炎、降血糖與免疫調節的生物活性，在世界各地尤其是東方已被廣泛開發利用。本研究運用微波能源擴展超音波輔助萃取技術的應用，這種技術可以顯著提高目標化合物的收率或縮短處理時間和操作溫度。在相同固液比1 : 20 g/mL，30分鐘0.05 W/g超音波功率密度的操作條件下，試驗結果顯示，35 kHz超音波處理萃取結果較佳，總多醣含量為628.0 ± 5.9 μg/mL，比熱水萃取 （HW, 231.2 ± 11.6 μg/mL）高2.7倍，也高於複頻35 + 53 kHz處理組182.5 ± 10.7 μg/mL。經過超微粉碎處理，複頻複合萃取 （35 + 53 kHz）處理的總多醣含量（917.9 ± 10.3 g/mL）可增加至5.0倍。使用超音波複合微波萃取（固液比1 : 20 g/mL，0.25 W/g功率密度10分鐘），其總多醣含量為497.1 ± 8.5 μg/mL，為HW的3.1倍，且相當於微波萃取的萃取量，但操作溫度約低20℃。超音波輔助萃取可以提高赤芝總多醣的萃取效率，音波的頻率，粒徑和微波能量都會影響其效果。而以超音波輔助微波萃取，利用其空穴與高能作用加速熱質傳，可以在較低溫度下有效提高中草藥機能成分萃取率，搭配超微粉碎處理之原料應有更好的效益。

關鍵字

音波頻率 ； 粒徑 ； 微波能源 ； 超音波輔助萃取 ； 赤芝 ； 總多醣

並列摘要

Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal mushroom that long been known as a health supplement in promoting longevity and a functional food resource, has been widely exploited for a long time all over the world especially in the Orient. Polysaccharides extracted or isolated from Ganoderma lucidum have been reported to be the bioactive constituents responsible for its various pharmaceutical activities, such as its antitumor, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic and immunoregulation activities. High efficient extraction technology was developed by using ultrasound with/without microwave combination. This technique can significantly increase the yield of target compounds or reduce the process time and temperature. With the same process conditions (solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 g/mL with 30 minutes 0.05 W/g ultrasonic power density), the results showed that 35 kHz treatment was the better extract condition for Ganoderma lucidum, its total carbohydrate content was 628.0 ± 5.9 μg/mL more than 2.7-folds when compared with hot water extraction (HW, 231.2 ± 11.6 μg/mL). The content was also high than the group with dual-frequency (35 + 53 kHz) treatment 182.5 ± 10.7 μg/mL. By ultrafine grinding treatment, the total carbohydrate content (917.9 ± 10.3 μg/mL) could increase up to 5.0-folds with dual-frequency (35 + 53 kHz) treatment. Using ultrasonic-assisted microwave extraction (solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 20 g/mL with 0.25 W/g power density for 10 minutes), the total carbohydrate content was 497.1 ± 8.5 μg/mL more than 3.1-folds when compared with HW and equal to the amount microwave extraction, but the final temperature was lower about 20℃. The use of ultrasonic-assisted extraction can increase the extraction efficiency for Ganoderma lucidum carbohydrate and acoustic frequency, particle size and microwave energy influence its performance. Ultrasonic-assisted microwave extraction, using its cavitation and high-energy effects to accelerate thermal and mass transfer, can effectively increase the extraction rate of functional components at lower temperatures. Using powders with ultrafine grinding treatment should have better benefits.

並列關鍵字

Acoustic Frequency ； Particle Size ； Microwave Energy ； Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction ； Ganoderma Lucidum ； Total Carbohydrate