水災社會脆弱性指標之建立

Constructing Social Vulnerability Index of Flood Disaster

李欣輯(Hsin-Chi Li) ； 楊惠萱(Hui-Hsuan Yang) ； 廖楷民(Kai-Min Liao) ； 蕭代基(Dai-Gee Shaw)

《建築與規劃學報》 10卷3期 (2009/12) Pp. 163-182

https://doi.org/10.30054/JAP.200912.0001

摘要

台灣氣候屬副熱帶及熱帶季風氣候區，夏季常有豪雨及颱風，易造成水患，對許多在地住民與各縣市政府而言，減輕／緩和水患災害都是相當重要的工作。本文希望能透過社會脆弱性指標得建立，提升以往政府在減災及應變時所能取得的資訊豐富性，使得指揮官或災害管理者能容易就指標數值判別社會脆弱度，並提供有效的減災與救災決策。首先，透過歸納整理社會脆弱性研究資料，以瞭解有哪些社會成因或特質使得某一地區家戶比起其他地區家戶更爲脆弱。其二，再歸結社會脆弱性指標的架構，共有三個面向，包括：(1)最大可能損失，(2)自保能力，(3)復原與適應能力。其三，依據此一架構，尋求合適之指標進行社會脆弱性的評估，結果顯示，東部地區（台東、花蓮縣）相較其他縣市而言，水災的社會脆弱度較高，嘉義縣的社會脆弱度則較低。其四，以嘉義縣爲例，嘗試應用社會脆弱性指標，透過GIS圖層的繪製，將其套疊淹水潛勢圖以呈現淹水風險地圖。本文希望藉由建立社會脆弱性指標及結果的應用，提供多元資訊於災害防救工作上，以期政府能更有效進行風險管理與擬定災害相關政策方針。

關鍵字

社會脆弱性 ； 水災 ； 地理資訊系統 ； 風險地圖

並列摘要

This study presents a process of constructing Social Vulnerability Index of flood (SVIoF) in Taiwan districts. The purpose of this study is to enrich the information for disaster mitigation or reduction in decision making process of official disaster manager or commander. The study includes several steps: (1)Identifying important social dimensions for calculation of SVIoF, such as a) maximum loss of households property; b) household resistance to flood disaster (self-protection of individual); c) households self-recovery ability (resilience and adjustment). (2) Collecting important variables to represent each dimension. (3)Standardizing those collected variables; (4)composite variables of each area into a SVIoF score, the result shows that the most vulnerable areas in Taiwan are east counties includes Taitung (台東縣) and Hualien (花蓮縣). the least vulnerable county is middle west county-Chiayi (嘉義縣). (5) application of SVIoF in Chiayi county. Using GIS to map the SVIoF score geographically and overlaying SVIoF layer and the inundation potential layer to produce the flood risk map. In the conclusion, this research constructs an index to estimate social vulnerability and provides social information to complete the whole idea of risk management. The commander has no longer made decisions only by physical situations (meteorology and rainfall) but also considers the social circumstances to modify his decisions or policies.

並列關鍵字

Social vulnerability ； Flood disaster ； GIS ； Risk map

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