利用自然通風技術改善室內熱環境及通風效能之研究－以慈濟台中分會為例

Using Buoyancy Ventilation Strategy to Improve Indoor Thermal Environment and Ventilation Performance

邱英浩(Yin-Hao Chiu) ； 戴育澤(Yu-Ze Tai) ； 吳孟芳(Meng-Fang Wu)

《建築與規劃學報》 11卷2期 (2010/09) Pp. 111-135

https://doi.org/10.30054/JAP.201009.0003

摘要

根據內政部建研所針對綠建築指標，可知在四大面向中之生態、節能、減廢、健康，以節能最爲重要，由此可知室內環境品質之重要性。台灣位處亞熱帶，屬海島型季風氣候，根據統計指出台灣地區氣候一年有四個月室外溫度低於室內溫度，可充分利用自然通風進行室內熱環境調節及改善室內空氣品質，對於非空調型之建築，相當適合利用自然通風，如能適當的加以利用，不但可降低對於空調機械的依賴、減少能源消耗。爲求通風設計之精確，設計輔助工具之運用乃是必要的，主要常用之工具如；風洞、計算流體力學（Computational Fluid Dynamics，簡稱CFD）及數學模型等等，其中尤以計算流體力學最爲廣泛使用，原因是近年來科技發達電腦技術成長快速，利用流體力學軟體可模擬室內環境中的溫度場、氣流場，進而解析建築物適當的開口大小、位置；藉此提升室內環境的舒適度，並將所得結果彙整分析後成爲設計的參考。因此，本研究主要透過數值模擬方法，進行建築室內物理環境分析，確保室內空間物理環境條件，進而提出誘導式設計策略。研究結果可知，不論室內熱源、進氣口條件爲何，風速越大，其室內換氣效能越佳，亦越能有效降低室內溫度，提昇室內環境品質。且在相同風速條件下，室內熱源越大之換氣效能越佳，顯示出浮力通風確實可行。

關鍵字

計算流體力學CFD ； 自然通風 ； 誘導式設計 ； 換氣率

並列摘要

According to the Green Building Labeling System in Taiwan, energy saving is the most important factor among the four aspects of evaluations including ecology, energy saving, healthy and waste reduction. This indicates the importance of indoor environment. Taiwan is located at subtropical climate. There are approximately 4 months of a year when the outdoor temperature is lower than the indoor temperature. This advantage can be used to adapt the thermal comfort indoors and improve the indoor quality. For the building without air conditioning, natural ventilation is very good strategy. If natural ventilation strategy can be properly designed, it can not only decrease the dependence of air conditioning but also reduce the energy use. In order to correctly design naturally ventilated building, design tool is needed for instance wind tunnel, math model, computational fluid dynamics (CFD)…etc. Compared to others, CFD is the tool commonly used in many fields. The reason why CFD is popular is the rapid development of computer engineering. The use of CFD technology can predict the air flow pattern, temperature stratification…etc. Thus, due to the CFD calculation, the opening size and location can be determined for increasing the comfort condition of a building. Data obtained from the CFD can be referred at the design stage. The investigation mainly aims to analyse the indoor physical environment by means of CFD in order to determine the passive design strategy. General findings of the study show that high wind speed can provide better air change rate whatever the indoor flux and air opening conditions. The high air change rate can efficiently reduce the indoor temperature and improve the indoor environment. Under the same wind speed, the air change rate is depended on the heat flux of a room which depicts that buoyancy ventilation can be a useful strategy.

並列關鍵字

Computational fluid dynamics ； Natural ventilation ； Passive design ； Air change rate

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