茶禪一味對北宋尚意書家審美意識的影響

The Impact of Zen in Tea on the Aesthetics of Meaning-pursuing Calligraphers in the North Song Dynasty Calligraphers

李秀華(Shew-Hua Lee)

《東華人文學報》 23期 (2013/07) Pp. 57-81

摘要

本文旨在說明茶道文化與禪宗思想發達的北宋時代，於書道、茶禪美學的融通下，對北宋尚意書家審美意識的影響。由於禪宗與北宋盛行的理學相互吸納，並在禪宗中國化、生活化，與世俗化的發展上，與書道相互交融。茶道與禪宗的同步發展，兩者所強調的「道」落實於日常生活中的修持，有其相契之處。茶道的細緻功夫，其根柢精神是嚴謹的，而禪的修持是一種平常心，是豁達的；茶禪的嚴肅與豁達互為滋養，為北宋尚意書家提供了重要的創作養分。在茶道、禪宗與書道相互滋養與交融的北宋時代氛圍中，本文嘗試從書法文化的另一面向，探討北宋尚意書家在體現茶禪一味的生命意味時，所呈現全域情感的生活美學觀。

關鍵字

茶禪一味 ； 茶道 ； 書道 ； 尚意書家

並列摘要

This article aims to explore the influence of calligraphy, tea-tasting and the thoughts of Zen (襌) on the aesthetics of meaning-pursuing calligraphers (尚意書法家) in the North Song Dynasty (北宋朝) when the culture and philosophy of tasting tea and Zen were very prosperous. As Zen and North Song philosophy were linked into each other, the thoughts of Zen went into Chinese daily lives and were closely mixed with calligraphy. With their simultaneous development, the spirit of tasting tea and Zen began to be combined and practiced in daily life. Tea-tasting and Zen mutually nourished each other and then initiated meaning-pursuing calligraphers even though the detailed requirement and ceremony of tasting tea was based on serious groundwork. However, the spirit of Zen was basically casual and easy-going. With the subsuming of the spirit of tasting tea, Zen, and calligraphy, the culture of hand-writing began to show comprehensive aesthetics of life when meaning-pursuing calligraphers in the North Song Dynasty tried to represent the spiritual similarity between tea-tasting and Zen.

並列關鍵字

Tasting Zen in tea ； Tea ceremony ； Calligraphy ； Meaning-pursuing calligraphers

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