黃斑部病變之航空醫學考量及缺點免計探討

The Aeromedical Concern and Waiver Consideration of Macular Degeneration

安思皓(Szu-Hao An) ； 奉綺微(Chi-Wei Feng) ； 孫懷智(Huai-Jhih Sun) ； 程敏琪(Min-Chi Cheng) ； 蕭曄鴻(Yeh-hung Hsiao)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 33卷1&2期 (2019/12) Pp. 57-64

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSROC.201912_33(1_2).0006

摘要

黃斑部為視網膜之中心部位，也是視網膜中視覺最敏感的區域，對於視力極為重要的飛行員來說，此部位若發生病變，在飛行安全上無疑是嚴重的影響。最常見的黃斑部病變原因為老年退化性病變，通常發病年齡為60歲以後，在部隊的現役飛行員屬於此年齡層的極少見，因此不管是我國或美國海空軍醫務教範皆未對此疾病詳加描述。飛行員在診斷出可治療的黃斑部病變後，會先予以停飛並接受治療，在治療後持續監測其臨床症狀及影像學變化，在視覺症狀已控制良好且不影響飛安的情況下，讓飛行員獲得缺點免計並重返飛行線發揮所長。

關鍵字

黃斑部 ； 航空醫學 ； 缺點免計考量

並列摘要

Macula is the central part of the retina, also the most sensitive area of vision. Pathological changes in the macula will undoubtedly have a serious impact on flight safety. The most common type of macular disease is age-related degeneration. Usually, the age of onset is after 60 years old, which account for only small percentage of civilian pilots. Therefore, neither military nor civilian aeromedical guidelines described this disease in detail. After diagnosis of potentially treatable macular degeneration, pilots will be grounded by flight surgeon and have treatment commenced first. Flight surgeon will continue follow up the clinical symptoms and imageology changes of the pilots. When the visual symptoms have been well controlled and do not affect the flight safety, the pilots will be granted a waiver and return to the flight line.

並列關鍵字

macular degeneration ； aeromedical ； waiver