英國共產黨歷史家小組及其“思想的戰役”

本文以成立於1946年的英國共產賞歷史家小組為中心，探討其「思想的戰役」的立場形成的過程，以及對歷史家小組的史學研究與理論引介的影響。文中將由理論及經驗研究兩個部分，說明歷史家小組之「思想的戰役」是如何被冷戰時期「兩個陣營」的思維以及馬克思主義傳統強調理論與實踐結合的觀點所形塑。透過歷史家小組對十七世紀英國內戰的研究，討論其中的政治意涵，並以歷史家小組對於葛蘭西理論的引介為例，說明1956年後共黨史家們雖調整了政治路線，但是他們的「思想的戰役」卻仍持續進行。而以此觀察出當代政治、社會、文化對歷史書寫與理論引介的約制。

關鍵字

歷史家小組；英國共產黨；英國左翼；馬克思主義史學

並列摘要

This essay focuses on the formation of the Historians' Group's proposition of 'battle of ideas' in the period 1946-1958. The central theme examines, in order to fight their battle of ideas, how the Communist historians' studies of Seventeenth-Century English Civil War and interpretations of Antonio Gramsci's ideas were elaborated in response to the shifting social and political contexts of the time. This essay thus explores the contexts in which the English Civil War and Gramsci's ideas were read, and will seek to demonstrate why the English Civil War and Gramsci's ideas were interpreted in a particular way. In conclusion, it is argued that, for the Communist historians, it was the contemporary political relevance of history and ideas that was most influential. The Communist historians' studies of the English Civil War and use of Gramsci's ideas both reflected their proposition of 'battle of ideas' and need for legitimatisation.