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晚清「女學」與「平權」的幾道影子

Shadows of "Women's Education" and "Equal Rights" in Late Qing China

摘要


晚清面對的鉅變,不止是外在局勢的變化,也不是傾刻間全體的變化。當時各種公共論述究竟中介了何種變化的方向、意義與價值,以及對於變化的感知政治?過程中改變的、失去的,遺忘的與獲得的究竟是什麼?仍是歷史留下的複雜課題。本文通過晚清三個時刻關於「女學」、「平權」與「革命」的性別論述探討上述問題:一,從1876的〈論女學〉到1897的〈論女學〉;二,1904《女獄花》中的「革命」與「平權」;三,1907《天義》的「女子解放」與「女子教育」。主要觀察「鉅變」過程中性別論述與其他論述的嵌合體如何感知「變」的需要,及其方向與意義,如何生產出「傳統」與「現代」的不同關係與評價;並分析鉅變的時代中,不同立場路線之間曾經如何論爭。

並列摘要


The upheaval in late Qing China was neither simply about external changes nor was it about sudden changes happening all at once. How did public discourses mediate the directions, meanings and values of both the changes and the perceptual politics entailed by the changes? What was changed, lost, forgotten, and gained in the process? These remain complicated historical issues that require further inquiry. This paper discusses these questions by examining gender discourses in three instances of the combined histories of "women's education," "equal rights," and "revolution": 1) From "On Women's Education" in 1876 to " On Women's Education" in 1897; 2) "Revolution" and "Equal Rights" in Flowers of Women's Hell/Jail (1904); 3) "Women's Liberation" and "Women's Education" in Natural Justice (1907). My reading observes how the chimera of gender and other discourses in the historical process of upheaval inform perceptions about the necessity to change. I also discuss how the directions and meanings of these changes generate differential relations with and evaluations of "the traditional" and "the modern." Finally, I analyze the historical debates among these competing political views and positions in times of social upheaval.

參考文獻


王妙如,《女獄花》,1904。出版資料不詳。
金一,《女界鐘》,1903。出版資料不詳。
夏曉虹,《晚清女性與近代中國》,北京,北京大學出版社,2004。
黃錦珠,《女性書寫的多元呈現:清末民初女作家小說研究》,台北,里仁,2014。
劉巨才,《中國近代婦女運動史》,北京,中國婦女出版社,1989。

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