文化藝術的「植物性戰略」：木心應對現代性危機的浪漫心智

現代中國「危機時刻」的「文學」研究為近來學界所矚目，本文在二十世紀中期以後、華語離散的歷史時空內，匯入一個少被關注的個案－1980年代在台灣成名的旅美華人作家、藝術家木心，呈現其應對現代性危機的浪漫心智－文化藝術的「植物性戰略」。它萌生於木心的文革受難史，離散美國後發展為普遍的現代性批判。正文討論分五個部分：（一）以木心有關植物的詩意書寫、形上玄思與自我投射為鋪墊，引出其應對人文危機的「植物性戰略」。（二）論證木心對現代性危機的感受與判斷，中心是二十世紀的極權史，並基於對文革與美國經驗的批判性整合。（三）結合木心有關生命強弱辯證思考的作品，及其強烈的浪漫崇高觀念，建議視此戰略為一浪漫心智，進而追問其背後的歷史經驗與跨文化資源。（四）回到毛時代，展示木心的「植物性戰略」如何創生在文化藝術極端弱勢的文革時期，重點呈現：老子貴柔哲學在其反抗之道中的融入；證悟文化為主體賦能及其個人實踐的世界主義特色；「植物之強」在其地下藝術（繪畫）中的多維度存在。（五）沿著木心文革後的飛散－再生軌跡，展示植物性意象在其生命書寫中的延伸。結語則強調，關於現代中國文學的危機時刻研究，跨文化浪漫主義依然具有相關性與研究潛力。

關鍵字

危機時刻；木心；植物性戰略；現代性批判；浪漫心智

並列摘要

Modernity, literature and time of crisis have been passionately explored in the study of modern Chinese and Sinophone humanities in recent years. This article introduces an understudied case Mu Xin, presenting his romantic response to the crisis of the twentieth-century modernity, namely ＂the vegetal strategy＂ of the culture and art. It originated in Mu Xin's experience of surviving the Cultural Revolution and developed into a universal critique of modernity in his self-exile in the United States. The main body of analysis is divided into five parts. 1) presents Mu Xin's vegetal writing, especially his metaphysical contemplation on and self-projection in the vegetal being, leading to his humanistic ＂vegetal strategy＂. 2) points out that Mu Xin's writing of crisis are centered around the totalitarian history of the twentieth century, integrating his personal experience and critique of the Maoist China and the Capitalistic America. 3) examines Mu Xin's poetry on the dialectic relationship of the strong and the weak, and his romantic ideal of the sublime, arguing that his vegetal strategy should be best understood as a romantic mind, for which, its historical context and transcultural making are worthy of exploration. 4) traces back to Mao's China to show how Mu Xin's vegetal strategy was born and practiced in a time of crisis where the culture and art was forced into an unprecedented desperate situation. It covers three aspects: Mu Xin's application of Laozi's philosophy of the weak into his romantic rebellion against totalitarianism; his understanding of culture's power of subject-formation and self- empowering through cosmopolitan resources; the multi-layer manifestation of ＂the strength of the vegetal＂ in Mu Xin's underground paintings. 5) continues to present Mu Xin's vegetal-life writing along his trajectory of post-cultural revolution diaspora. The conclusion part, besides summarizing the article, will argue for the historical relevance and theoretical potential of transcultural romanticism concerning the crisis of Chinee modernity.