全球化下「台灣民族」文學論述的裂解與「土地無意識」

The Cracking of Taiwanese National Literary Theory Under Globalization and the Discussion of the Concept of ＂Land Unconscious＂

蔡志彥(Tsai Chih Yen)

《中國現代文學》 41期 (2022/06) Pp. 119-145

摘要

台灣現代文學若從1920年算起，至今已達百年。多重殖民移民歷史脈絡，讓佔去大半百年路段的台灣鄉土文學，曾發展出一種從「鄉土」到「本土」，再到「台灣民族」意識的關聯。本土化論者賦予台灣文學「民族」性格，企圖塑造它成「台灣民族」的文學傳統。然近年來經全球化及西方理論介入的台灣後殖民論述，曾動搖本土概念。「台灣民族」文學論述已經難以解釋，百年台灣文學混雜意識之異質性悖論。有感於此，本文依廖朝陽〈再談空白主體〉提出「土地共同感」文學界義，並參考邱貴芬台灣文學「台灣性」，援引詹明信的《政治無意識》，提出「土地無意識」的文學批評論述，盼與學界共思。期待「土地無意識」能踏讀文本，獲得更繽紛「彼時、多方、此地」語義豐富性。本文以偏向文學外部的綱領式論述行文，較難兼顧文本分析，亦無意鋪敘比較文學史，主要的用意僅在商討文學研究的某種可能性。

關鍵字

「台灣民族」文學論述 ； 土地共同感 ； 界義 ； 土地無意識 ； 視域

並列摘要

Contemporary Taiwanese literature has been developing for 100 years if dated back to 1920. The historical context brought by multiple colonial periods and immigrants has made Taiwan nativist literature, which occupied more than half of the development period, develop a correlation generated from nativist literature to locality in Taiwan, and then the correlation was linked to the Taiwanese national consciousness. Scholars who support the Taiwanese localization movement attach national character to Taiwanese literature in an attempt to shape it into the literary tradition of the ＂Taiwanese nation＂.However, the postcolonial discourse in Taiwan with the introduction of globalization and western theories in recent years has cause many people to waver in the concept of locality. The Taiwanese literary tradition of 100 years mixed with the paradox of heterogeneity in consciousness is now difficult to explained by the Taiwanese National Literary Theory. Upon observing this phenomenon, the literary boundary concept of the ＂sense of land commonality＂ was suggested in the study based on More on the Subject as Void by Chao-Yang Liao. The concepts of ＂Taiwaneseness in Taiwanese literature＂ proposed by Kuei-Fen Chiu and Political Unconscious by Fredric Jameson were both referred, and the discussion of the literary criticism and discourse on ＂land unconscious＂ was raised. It is expected that the concept of ＂land unconscious＂ can be applied to the reading of text in order to obtain the semantic variety of ＂then, multi-party and here＂. Due to the length limit, no further description or comparison of events in literary history was in the study, and the main idea of it was to discuss a possibility in literary studies.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese national literary theory ； sense of land commonality ； iterary boundary concept ； land unconscious ； perspective

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