高職學生的預防貧血飲食知識、飲食行為及學業成績之研究－以新北市某高職為例

本研究調查貧血高職生的個人背景變項的特性，並且統計分析貧血與非貧血高職生的預防貧血營養知識和飲食行為的現況與差異性，我們也進一步分析了營養知識與飲食行為之間的相關性。因為貧血可能造成腦部氧氣不足，影響課業學習，因此本研究也比較貧血與非貧血組高職生學業表現的差異。我們從新北市一所職業高中經過立意取樣招募受試者。根據新生健康檢查結果，選取50名貧血（anemia）學生（貧血組）和50名正常學生（非貧血組）進行研究。也進一步分析預防貧血營養知識與飲食行為的相關性。本研究使用個人背景變項、預防貧血營養知識和飲食行為的自擬問卷來收集數據，對數據進行了描述性和推論性統計分析。結果如下：（1）關於個人背景變項，貧血學生在“女性”、“超重或體重不足”、“每日零用錢少於150元新臺幣”、“母親的學歷為高中（職）”、“母親的學歷為大學／專科”子群的人數比例較高。此外，月經持續時間超過7天的子群，貧血發生率較高。大約三分之一的貧血組學生對貧血的了解不足。（2）貧血組和非貧血組預防貧血營養知識平均得分分別為4.18±1.49和4.54±1.38（滿分10分），貧血組和非貧血組之間沒有顯著差異。（3）貧血組和非貧血組預防貧血飲食行為平均得分分別為28.1±9.7和29.3±9.6（滿分50分），貧血組和非貧血組之間沒有顯著差異。（4）預防貧血營養知識與飲食行為無顯著相關性。（5）貧血組學生的英文、國文、數學、美顏、美膚課程等一般和專業課程平均分數明顯低於非貧血組。然而，貧血組和非貧血組在體育課的平均得分方面沒有差異。根據研究結果建議應將新生健康檢查結果告知學生及其家長，教師必須確保貧血學生得到後續醫療照顧，以改善學生的健康。也建議高中教師將貧血相關營養知識等問題納入教材，讓學生掌握良好的預防貧血營養知識。也建議高中（職）舉辦預防貧血的飲食工作坊，讓學生自己準備飯菜，降低貧血的發病率。

關鍵字

高職生；貧血；預防貧血營養知識；預防貧血飲食行為；學業表現

並列摘要

This study investigated the characteristics of the personal background variables of anemia vocational high school students, and statistically analyzed the status and differences in anemic prevention nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors of anemia and non-anemia vocational high school students. We further analyzed the correlation between nutritional knowledge and dietary behaviors. Because anemia may cause insufficient oxygen supply in the brain and affect learning, this study also compares the differences in academic performance. We selected 50 students with anemia (anemia group) and 50 normal students (non-anemia group) for this study according to the results of freshmen health inspection. We also tested the differences of academic performance between anemia group and non-anemia group students. The correlation between anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors were also examined. A self-administered questionnaire which included individual background factors, anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings were as follows: (1) With regarding to individual background variables, there were higher percentages of anemia students in 'female', 'overweight or underweight', 'daily pocket money less than 150 New Taiwan dollars', 'mother's academic level is (vocational) high school', 'mother's academic level is university/college' anemia subgroups. Furthermore, the proportion of anemia was high in the subgroup with longer than 7 days menstrual cramps duration. There were about one third of anemia-group students with negative awareness of anemia. (2) The average scores of anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge for anemia group and non-anemia group were 4.18±1.49 and 4.54± 1.38 (total score 10), respectively. There was no significant difference between anemia and non-anemia group. (3) The average scores of anemia-prevention dietary behaviors for anemia group and non-anemia group were 28.1±9.7 and 29.3±9.6 (total score 50), respectively. There was no significant difference between anemia and non-anemia group. (4) There was no significant correlation between anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors. (5) The average scores of common and professional courses, including English, Mandarin, mathematics, facial beauty, skin care courses for anemia group students were significantly lower than non-anemia group. However, there was no difference between anemia and non-anemia groups in average score of gym lessons. This study suggests that freshmen health inspection results should inform students and their parents. Teachers must make sure that students with anemia receive follow-up medical care to improve health of students. Teachers at high schools are advised to incorporate issues such as anemia related nutrition knowledge into their teaching materials to fortify students with good anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge. High schools are also recommended to conduct anemia-prevention diet workshop for students to prepare meal for themselves and to reduce the morbidity of anemia.

並列關鍵字

Vocational high school students ； Anemia ； Anemia-prevention nutrition knowledge ； Anemia-prevention dietary behaviors ； Academic performance

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