In recent years, Mainland China's rapid economic growth, resulting in oil consumption increased. Mainland China's domestic oil production coupled with the gradual depletion resulting in reply on import of oil deeply. Today, Mainland China's import of oil is ranked the second in the world, means that Mainland China will be increasingly high dependence on foreign oil. This will result in the constraints and threats on national security and economic development in Mainland China. This paper attempt to explore development and crisis of Mainland China's oil strategy from perspective of realism theory, to understand what institutional choice does Mainland China will take, shall these institutional choices will ensure sustained economic development in mainland China?