This article addresses the behavior strategies for the renal osteodystrophy in dialysis patients through the viewpoint of behavior modification. Literature review is conducted to explore the prevalence of osteodystrophy, current treatments, the impact factors, and the limitations of patient self care. The purpose of this article is to introduce the behavior modification strategies on nursing primary care. Moreover, study findings of cognitive restructuring, self-monitoring, and stimulus control can be applied on the clinical practice.