地方派系依侍結構的演變與特質—高雄縣內門鄉的個案分析

The Changes and Features of Local Factions' Clientelist Structure-A Case Study of Neimen Township, Kaohsiung County in Taiwan

趙永茂(Yung-Mau Chao)

《臺灣民主季刊》 1卷1期 (2004/03) Pp. 85-117

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200403.0008

摘要

本文主要以高雄縣內門鄉作為分析個案，探討在政治與經社環境變遷下，地方派系依侍結構的演變與特質。本文大致有以下發現：首先，內門鄉觀亭與內埔派的外部依侍關係，由「兩元」轉變成「三元」的型態，而且兩派的外部依侍關係具有「延續性」，儘管鄉內派系之領導人有所更迭，但其對外依侍結盟的對象仍以過去合作的派系與候選人為主。同時，其內部依侍關係除了以往「政治依侍」外，也開始出現「經濟依侍」的現象，甚至是出現了上下層級之間「不同派」的依侍型態。其次，內門鄉的個案，某種程度上也驗證了社會上的既有的分歧會是地方派系形成的基礎。但地方派系的發展與對立的型態，亦同時會受到內外在環境的影響，產生新的派系對立型態。在外部環境因素方面，研究中發現，內門鄉觀亭、內埔兩派勢力的對立、消長與分裂等，與台灣選舉制度以及高雄縣紅白黑三派的發展等存有相當密切的關連性。亦證明，在縣級地方派系對立嚴重地區，鄉鎮（市）級地方派系與縣級地方派系間有其結構性的互動關係。

關鍵字

地方派系 ； 依侍結構 ； 結盟結構 ； 政治依恃 ； 經濟依侍

並列摘要

This study focuses on the changes and features of local factions' clientelist structures in Neimen Township of Kaohsiung County in Taiwan, especially under the changing political and economic circumstances of the authoritarian and post-authoritarian politics in Taiwan. We have the following empirical study findings: Firstly, the external-clientelist pattern of the Kuan-Ting faction and Nei-Pu faction of Neiman Township is changing from bi-faction into tri-faction. These two factions' external-clientelist relationship with county-level factions are stable and continuous. Meanwhile, their internal-clientelist structure appeared to be the economic-clientelist type when the traditional patterns of political and social-clientelist relationships were continued in recent years. Secondly, this case of the Neimen Township's factions also proves that the formation of local factions in Taiwan is built on the foundation of the historical social impacts from the changing environment. This study finds that the confrontation, growth and decline, and the splits of the Kuan-Ting and Nei-Pu factions are strongly under the influence of the White-Black-Red factions pattern in Kaohsiung County and the election levels. It says that in the serious county-faction confrontation areas, their township-level factions have a very closely structural interaction relationship with their county-level factions.

並列關鍵字

local faction ； clientelist structure ； coalition structure ； political clientelist ； economic clientelist

參考文獻

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