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國會選制與憲政體制對國會選舉投票率的影響-內閣制與總統制民主國家的跨國分析

Effects of Parliamentary Electoral System and Constitutional System on Voter Turnout in Parliamentary Elections: A Cross-Country Study in Global Parliamentary and Presidential Democracies

摘要


過去許多研究指出國會選制會影響國會選舉投票率,也有研究指出憲政體制會影響國會選舉投票率。本文試圖在過去既有的研究基礎上,檢視全世界民主國家國會選制與憲政體制對國會選舉投票率的綜合影響,並探討國會選制與憲政體制何者對國會選舉投票率的影響較大。本研究蒐集全世界內閣制與總統制民主國家關於國會選制、憲政體制與歷次國會選舉投票率的資料,進行統計模型分析。本文的發現主要有三:第一,就國會選制而言,在比例代表制下,國會選舉投票率較高;在單一選區相對多數制下,國會選舉投票率較低;且這樣的現象在憲政體制採內閣制與總統制的國家皆存在。就憲政體制而言,在內閣制下,國會選舉投票率較高;在總統制下,國會選舉投票率較低;且這樣的現象在國會選制採比例代表制與單一選區相對多數制的國家皆存在。第二,在「比例代表制vs.單一選區相對多數制」這兩種國會選制與「內閣制vs.總統制」這兩種憲政體制的不同制度組合中,採行內閣制與比例代表制的國家,其國會選舉投票率最高;採行總統制與單一選區相對多數制的國家,其國會選舉投票率最低。第三,相較於國會選制,憲政體制對於國會選舉投票率具有更大的影響力。

並列摘要


Previous studies have identified that the parliamentary electoral system and the constitutional system affect voter turnout in parliamentary elections. Building on existing research, this study examines the combined effect of these systems on voter turnout in democracies globally, and explores which of the two institutional factors has a greater influence. This study collects the data of parliamentary electoral system, constitutional system and voter turnout of the previous parliamentary elections in parliamentary and presidential democracies around the world, and conducts statistical model analysis. In terms of the parliamentary electoral system, it is found that the proportional representation (PR) system promotes higher voter turnout compared to the first-past-the-post (FPTP) system. When it comes to the constitutional system, it is clear that the parliamentary system enables higher voter turnout compared to the presidential system. Therefore, among the different combinations of the two types of parliamentary electoral systems and the two types of constitutional systems, it can be seen that the one combining the "PR and Parliamentary system" has the highest voter turnout in the parliamentary elections, while the "FPTP and Presidential System" combination has the lowest. Moreover, the study also finds that the constitutional system has a more significant effect on voter turnout in parliamentary elections compared to the parliamentary electoral system.

參考文獻


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