江澤民時期對臺政策的黨軍權力運作－以1996年臺海飛彈危機為例

The Power Politics of the Party and the Military in the PRC's Policy toward Taiwan in Jiang Zemin Period - A Case Study of the Taiwan Strait Missile Crisis in 1996

馬順隆(Shun-Long Ma)

《國防雜誌》 35卷4期 (2020/12) Pp. 81-104

https://doi.org/10.6326/NDJ.202012_35(4).0004

摘要

自2016年民進黨贏得總統選舉後，中共對臺採行壓力與拉力的兩手策略，並以機艦多次強行繞臺威嚇，形同臺海危機重演之前兆。本文以第三次臺海危機為例，探討中共對臺政策，以檢視其黨軍雙方的決策行為模式；另結合黨的制度化領軍與民族主義發展等變項，聚焦以江澤民時期黨軍關係在其高層政治的權力運作為主軸，探究其雙方角色變動的趨向；由於軍方在其高層政治權力結構佔有舉足輕重的地位，致使軍方確屬權力支配的重要力量，在國家安全與外交政策制定發揮關鍵性作用。就此，論述黨與軍方在對臺決策的競爭角力，及彼此間的權力運作方式，解析雙方在對臺政策之角色意涵與競爭性的均衡關係。

關鍵字

黨軍關係 ； 對臺政策 ； 臺海危機 ； 以黨領軍

並列摘要

Since the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) won the 2016 presidential election in Taiwan, the PRC has adopted a two-hand strategy consisting of both ＂push＂ and ＂pull＂ tactics toward Taiwanese society. Accompanied by aircraft and vessels cruising around Taiwan's aerial/maritime areas, the development is interpreted as the precursor to another Taiwan Strait Crisis. As such, this paper takes the Third Taiwan Strait Crisis in 1996 as a case study to revisit the formation of the PRC's Taiwan policy to examine China's party-army relations amid the PRC's decision behavior model. Furthermore, the analysis combines the variables of the party's institutionalized leadership over army and the development of Nationalism, this paper mainly focuses on the relationship between the party and the army in the Jiang Zemin period and its high-level political power as the main axis, and further explore the trend of changes in the roles of both parties. Given the PLA's decisive role in China's high-level political power structure, the army indeed becomes a crucial influencing party on power distribution and plays a key role in formulating national security and diplomacy policies. Hence, by reviewing China's party and army for competitive roles in PRC's policy on Taiwan, as well as their power operation model, the article analyzes the implications of the party and army's respective role and their significance in the competitively balanced relationship on formulating Taiwan policy.

並列關鍵字

Party-Military Relations ； Taiwan Policy ； Taiwan Strait Crisis ； The Party Leads The Army