流逝的生命之源－中國古代婦女崩漏疾病診療觀

在中國古代，血既是孕育滋養的珍貴資源，支撐著生命的生長發育，亦是與命門相連的能量貯存中心，在女性身體中占有重要的地位，因此，血的流失象徵衰弱與健康的威脅。下血之疾屬於中醫學崩漏的範疇，在崩漏的病因中，七情內傷最常被提及，其他如肝脾腎臟腑功能失常，衝任虛損不固、風、熱或瘀也是歷代病機論述的重點。傳統中醫崩漏療法隨病因之不同，有相應的治療原則，止血方劑藥物、針灸與飲食療法皆為古人用以止血調經的治療方式。中國古典小說中關於下血之疾的描述，可反映患病主角的性格與古人對疾病的哲學觀點。因此，小說人物的患病經歷與治療過程是值得探討的議題。從古代下血疾患名詞、中醫病理觀念、治療思想、處方用藥、飲食調養及古典小說醫案等各層面的研究，將使古代醫學治療崩漏之精神更為清晰。

關鍵字

崩漏；下血；中醫；婦人病

並列摘要

In ancient times, blood was not only a precious resource that nourished and bred life, but was also connected to the energy storage center of ＂life gate＂, the place where qi transformation of the human body originates, and it serves as the root of life.As it takes important part in female life, loss of blood can symbolize weakness and threat to health. The disease of uterine bleeding belongs to flooding and spotting in traditional Chinese medicine. Harms from seven emotions were the mostly mentioned endogenous factors in the cause of flooding and spotting. Concerning the mechanism of disease, pathogenesis of liver, spleen, and kidney, insecurity of the thoroughfare and conception vessels to control menstruation, wind pathogen, heat pathogen, and blood stasis were discussed in successive dynasties. Therapeutic principle in traditional Chinese medicine originated from the differentiation of pattern and syndrome. The herbs formulas, acupuncture, and dietary therapy were the treatment methods for astringency and menstrual regulation. The medical records in Chinese classical novel can reflect the character's personality and philosophical view toward the disease in ancient times. Discussion of patients in treatment process in classical novel is valuable. To research in fields of the explanations of disease names, theory of causes of disease, thoughts in treatment, formulas prescriptions, dietary regulation, and Chinese classical novel could make the treatment essence of flooding and spotting in traditional Chinese medicine turns clear.