樂趣化跳繩運動方案對國小智能障礙學生平衡能力與健康體適能之成效：單一受試研究

智能障礙者動作發展差，缺乏合適的運動課程設計、運動設施設備普遍不足，導致缺乏運動影響身體健康。本研究以「跳繩運動」為介入策略，透過樂趣化跳繩運動方案，探討對國小智能障礙學生平衡能力與健康體適能之成效。採單一受試跨受試設計，分為基線、介入及維持期。參與者為3名國小智能障礙學生，接受每週3次，每次40分鐘訓練課程，為期8週。介入期以單人短跳繩運動為主，以樂趣化、個別需求、漸進式及活動易執行四項原則進行運動方案設計，分空迴旋、前迴旋、單腳跳等五個單元。以「閉眼單足站立」及「開眼走平衡木」測靜態及動態平衡，「身體質量指數」、「20公尺漸進性有氧心肺耐力跑」、「一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐」及「坐姿體前彎」測量健康體適能。樂趣化跳繩運動方案，經個別化課程調整後，對國小智能障礙學生靜態平衡有立即與維持成效；動態平衡有提升，有維持效果；對身體組成有改善；心肺、肌肉適能與柔軟度具有立即與維持效果，增進平衡能力與健康。

關鍵字

跳繩運動；國小；智能障礙；健康體適能；平衡能力

並列摘要

The purpose is to investigate the effects of interesting rope skipping activity on balance and health-related fitness of the elementary school students with intellectual disabilities. A multiple baseline across-subjects' designs were designed into baseline, intervention, and maintenance. Three students with intellectual disabilities were incluciated. They received 24 intervention sessions of 40-min duration, including single skipping activities, divided into five units. Data was collected after each session and analized with C statistics. The results were summarized as the following: First, interesting rope-skipping activity is effective for the balance ability of the students with intellectual disabilities. There were immediate and maintenance effect on the static balance ability of the students with intellectual disabilities. The dynamic balance ability has been improved of the students with intellectual disabilities and has a maintenance effect. Second, interesting rope skipping activity is effective in improving the physical fitness of students with intellectual disabilities. The body composition of the students with intellectual disabilities was improved. There were immediate and maintenance effect on the cardiorespiratory endurance of the students with intellectual disabilities. There were immediate and maintenance effects on the muscle strength and endurance of the students with intellectual disabilities. There were immediate and maintenance effect on the flexibility of the students with intellectual disabilities.