摘要
疼痛是癌症病童常見的症狀，隨著癌症治療的進步，病童往往需要接受許多侵入性的檢查和更強、副作用大的治療方式，也因此癌症病童的疼痛來源主要和治療或各種的處置有關，這與以腫瘤本身產生疼痛的成人癌症患者不同。有效的緩解治療疼痛，不但減少了病童與家長的緊張和焦慮，改善病童的營養與睡眠品質，病童可以按照預定的治療計畫接受治療，讓治療的過程更順利，也增加癌症治療的成功率。而對於無法治癒的末期癌症病童，有效的緩解治療疼痛改善了病童的生活品質，也有助於父母長期的悲傷心態調適。疼痛藥物治療依照世界衛生組織（World Health Organization, WHO） 的建議，使用乙醯胺酚（Acetaminophen） 或非類固醇消炎藥物治療輕微的疼痛；使用嗎啡類藥物治療中度或嚴重疼痛，藥物的選擇和劑量則應考慮治療效果和副作用之間的平衡，因人而異。除了藥物使用外，其他非藥物治療方式，也有助於疼痛的緩解與治療，減少藥物的使用或劑量。
並列摘要
Pain is a common symptom of childhood cancer. Pain in children with cancer is mainly related to the therapy or procedures, in contrast to adults, in whom pain is mainly tumor-related. Effective relief of pain can decrease the anxiety and distress of patients and their parents, improve nutrition and sleep, and make the treatment course go more smoothly. The survival rate also improves with effective relief of pain because patients can receive the scheduled intensive treatment course. For those in whom the disease is incurable, relief of the anxiety from pain improves the quality of life and carries long-lasting implications for bereaved parents, who cope much better when their dying children's pain is well-controlled. The use of analgesics for children with cancer pain is based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on cancer pain relief and palliative care in children. The choice of analgesics is based on an assessment of pain severity and ranges from acetaminophen and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs for mild pain to opioids for moderate to severe pain. The use of analgesics must be individualized to provide a balance between analgesics and side effects. In addition to pharmacologic treatment, non-pharmacologic therapy is also used for pain management in pediatric cancer patients. The use of non-pharmacologic therapy may decrease both the dose of the pharmacologic intervention with symptom relief and side effects.
延伸閱讀
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- 胡文郁、陳宛榆、羅淑芬、陳書毓、黃翰心、陳幼貴（2011）。成人癌症疼痛臨床照護指引。腫瘤護理雜誌，11()，87-127。https://doi.org/10.6880/TJON.201112/SP_11.06
- 蔣宜倩、葉昭幸（2002）。癌症病童父母不確定感之概念分析。長庚護理，13(1)，57-63。https://doi.org/10.6386/CGN.200203_13(1).0007