摘要
1993年，美國國立醫院門診醫療照護調查估計每年有兩百三十二萬人因為眼疾而到急診部求診，49%的病人都因為外傷而來，其中只有3%需要住院治療。眼睛疼痛是病人馬上到急診部請求治療最常見之症狀，病人疼痛的程度往往跟病人到院的時間有關。眼睛的疼痛可能是由於外傷、感染或發炎所引起的，疼痛的處理包括使用人工淚液、冰敷、抗組織胺、止痛藥和移除眼睛異物等，有些人點用抗生素眼藥水效果也不錯。在急診部使用麻醉和鎮痛劑的另一個目的是減輕病人的憂慮、疼痛和眼瞼痙攣，以方便詳細檢查眼睛，如果病人眼睛緊合關閉，最好先不要觸碰眼睛，尤其是在眼球裂傷的病人，勉強拉開眼瞼是非常危險的。疼痛不是眼睛傷害程度和視力預後的指標，但無法控制的疼痛經常引致嘔心、毆吐、哭泣和全身坐立不安等症狀，還可能對身體的內分泌、心臟血管、免疫、神經和肌肉骨骼等系統造成不良的反應。因此，治療疼痛已經成為醫師重要的優先處理選項。
並列摘要
In 1993, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) estimated that there were about 2.32 million visits to the emergency department because of ocular diseases in the US, 49% of which were for injuries, and only 3% required hospitalization. Eye pain is an important symptom of patients who visit casualty and seek immediate medical treatment. It is not surprising that the time when patients arrive at the ophthalmic emergency center is dependent on the degree of pain they are experiencing. The pain may be caused by injury, infection, or inflammation. Treatment for eye pain may include artificial tears, cold compresses, antihistamines, pain medications, and foreign body removal from the eye. Some may benefit from antibiotic eye drops. Another goal of sedation and analgesia in the emergency department is to relieve the anxiety, pain, and blepharospasm which is helpful when thoroughly examining the eye. It is imperative that the eye is not touched or manipulated if the eye is tightly closed. It is dangerous to force the eyelid apart with penetrating ocular injuries. Pain is not a good indicator of the severity of the injury or visual outcomes. However, uncontrolled pain can lead to nausea, vomiting, crying, and generalized restlessness which may adversely affect the body's endocrine, cardiovascular, immune, neurologic, and musculoskeletal systems. Therefore, treating pain is an important priority of the physician.
延伸閱讀
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