馬的譬喻象徵與佛教的關涉之研究

自古以來，馬做為人類的主要交通工具，與人之間的密切關係，深深影響人類的生活，進而影響到日常生活各方文化層面。中國文化對馬的概念，昇華為哲學上的譬喻象徵，並在不同語言中普遍存在。悉達多太子想要出家修行，離開迦毘羅衛城時，其坐騎為一匹白馬。東漢明帝在洛陽建的白馬寺，是中國所建的第一個佛教寺院，在中國佛教史上，具有重大意義。在印度文化，理想的聖王－轉輪聖王的七寶之－為紺馬寶，在佛教經典中，有許多馬的譬喻與故事，佛陀在過去生修行菩薩道時，也曾經是驅耶馬王，中國禪林也有不少馬相關的禪語巧喻。從印度到中國，馬與人類文化有密切關係。

關鍵字

佛教；馬；白馬寺；紺馬；龍馬；譬喻

並列摘要

Since ancient times, horses have been the main means of transportation for humans, and their close relationship with people has deeply affected human life, and further affected the cultural aspects of daily life. The concept of horses in Chinese culture is sublimated into a philosophical metaphor, and it is common in different languages. Prince Siddhartha wanted to become a monk, and when he left Kapilavastu, his mount was a white horse. The White Horse Temple built by Ming Emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Luoyang was the first Buddhist temple built in China and was of great significance in the history of Chinese Buddhism. In culture of India, Cakravartirajan, the Sacred King of the Wheel, is a term used to refer to an ideal universal monarch who rules ethically and benevolently over the entire world. One of the seven treasures of Cakravartirajan, is the horse treasure. In the Buddhist scriptures, there are many horse metaphors and stories. When the Buddha was practicing the Bodhisattva path in the past, he was also the king of horses. In the Zen monastery of ancient Chinese Buddhist temple also has many clever metaphors about horses. From India to China, horses are closely related to human culture.