CEFR與ACTFL大綱口語指標對應研究：以「華語文口語測驗」為媒介

Aligning the CEFR Oral Descriptors with the ACTFL Speaking Proficiency Guidelines Based on the TOCFL Speaking Test

廖才儀(Tsai-Yi LIAO) ； 藍珮君(Pei-Jiun LAN) ； 梁綺容(Chi-Jung LIANG) ； 陳柏熹(Po-Hsi CHEN)

《華語文教學研究》 19卷2期 (2022/06) Pp. 1-32

摘要

本研究主旨為建立歐洲共同語文參考架構（CEFR）與美國外語教學協會能力指標（ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines）這兩大架構之口語指標的對應關係，所採用之華語文口語測驗（TOCFL Speaking test）是以CEFR為基礎；作法為邀集17位專家透過Exemplar Response法標準設定程序，使用該測驗各題型各級分之標準音檔，連結CEFR與ACTFL大綱的各等級口語指標，並提出程序性效度、內部效度做為證據。研究結果顯示，CEFR框架A1程度的華語口語能力介於ACTFL大綱初級高等至中級初等之間；A2位於中級初等與中級中等之間；B1略低於中級高等；B2落在高級初等與高級中等之間；C1介於高級高等至優秀級之間；C2程度高於優秀級。此外，亦發現數項共同特徵可作為未來研究者進行兩個指標對應研究時的參考依據。

關鍵字

ACTFL大綱 ； CEFR ； Exemplar Response法 ； 口語測驗 ； 標準設定

並列摘要

This study aims to build an alignment between the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines, utilizing the TOCFL Speaking test, which is designed based on the CEFR. 17 experts participated in a standard-setting process applying the Exemplar Response method which used the sample soundtracks for each test band and item type. The study provided procedural and internal validity to support the results of the proposed alignment between CEFR and the ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines. The results showed that, in terms of speaking proficiency, CEFR level A1 is equivalent to ACTFL Novice High and Intermediate Low sublevels, while level A2 is equivalent to the Intermediate Low and Intermediate Mid sublevels. CEFR level B1 is lower than the ACTFL Intermediate High sublevel , while level B2 is equivalent to the Advanced Low and Advanced Mid sublevels. CEFR level C1 is equivalent to the ACTFL Advanced High sublevel and Superior level , while C2 is higher than the Superior level. The study revealed some shared characteristics between the CEFR and the ACTFL Guidelines which would be useful to guide further studies.

並列關鍵字

the ACTFL Guidelines ； the CEFR ； Exemplar Response method ； speaking test ； standard-setting

參考文獻

Swender, Elvira, Erwin Tschirner, and Olaf Bärenfänger. 2012. Comparing ACTFL/ILR and CEFR based reading tests. Aligning Frameworks of Reference in Language Testing: The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines and the Common European Framework of Reference, ed. by Erwin Tschirner, 123-138. Tübingen: Stauffenburg.

Waldemar, Martyniuk. (ed.) 2010. Aligning Tests with the CEFR. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

王伯韜。2015。《英語專業四、八級考試與《歐洲語言共同參考框架》對接的可行性研究》。江蘇：揚州大學碩士論文。[Wang, Botao. 2015. The Feasibility of Relating TEM to CEFR: Taking Reading Comprehension Test for Example. Jiangsu: Yangzhou University MA thesis.]

王昕。2014。〈新 HSK 四級聽力測試效果與《歐洲語言共同參考框架》匹配度研究〉，《華西語文學刊》，第 1 期，193-201。[Wang, Xi. 2014. Comparing listening comprehension in new HSK-4 with Common European Framework. Acta Linguistica et Litteraturaria Sinica Occidentalia 1:193-201.]

國家華語測驗推動工作委員會。2015。《華語文能力測驗技術報告 2013（3）口語測驗信效度》。新北：國家華語測驗推動工作委員會。[Steering Committee for the Test Of Proficiency-Huayu. 2015. Technical Report of TOCFL 2013-3: Reliability and Validity of the Speaking Test. New Taipei: SC-TOP.]