病人自主權利法架構、分析和影響

The framework, analysis and potentials of the Patient Right to Autonomy Act

陳偉熹(Wei-Hsi Chen) ； 曾斐琳(Fei-Lin Tseng) ； 陳穎詩(Melody Yun-Si Chen) ； 陳潔宜(Chien-I Chen) ； 尹莘玲(Hsin-Ling Yin)

《安寧療護雜誌》 24卷3期 (2020/09) Pp. 225-239

https://doi.org/10.6537/TJHPC.202009_24(3).03

摘要

《病人自主權利法》大幅提升我國醫療人權，本文解讀本法的架構、分析各領域的改變和推測對未來醫療產業的影響。本法可分為四個規範領域，分別為告知和同意、預立醫療意願書、醫療代理人制度正式化和保障自主醫療意願實施。比較《醫療法》和《安寧緩和醫療條例》，本法明顯補正諸多不及的地方，包括明確規範告知內容和對象、醫療意願書法律地位、醫療代理人權限和保障自主醫療意願的方式，建立新的醫療行為規範。本法在未來可能對醫學教育、醫學倫理、醫療司法、醫療實務、醫療管理和醫療經濟產生移動式影響。但是，本法對未預立醫療意願書的病人之醫療自主權略有不足。無論如何，吾人必須儘早規劃各項因應措施，讓國人生命、健康和自主更臻圓滿。

關鍵字

病人自主權利法 ； 醫療法 ； 安寧緩和醫療條例 ； 告知同意 ； 醫療意願書 ； 醫療代理人

並列摘要

The Patient Right to Autonomy Act (PRAA) greatly improves the medical human right in Taiwan. This study was aimed to interpret the framework, analyze the change of each domain, and predict the future potentials for medical industry. PRAA can virtually be divided into four domains, including inform and consent, preparation of advance care planning, appointment of health care agent and protection of autonomic decision. Compared to the Medical Care Act and Hospice Palliative Care Act, PRAA clearly amended their loopholes, including specifying the client of inform and consent, the legal position of advance care planning, the authority of health care agent, and the policy of protection of autonomic decision. PRAA is predicted to influence the medical education, ethics, legalization, practice, management and economics in the future. However, PRAA does little on the right of autonomy for individual who does not have advance care planning. Nevertheless, we need to work together to protect the life, health and autonomy under the PRAA.

並列關鍵字

Patient Right to Autonomy Act ； Medical Care Act ； Hospice Palliative Care Act ； inform consent ； advance care planning ； health care agent

參考文獻

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