論「解嚴」前臺灣佛教高等教育格局的初步形成

本文認為「解嚴」前佛教在臺灣大專院校中的影響，一方面是由於中華傳統文化的弘揚，佛教作為中華或東方傳統文化中的一部分，逐漸進入高校，其中張其昀創辦的中國文化學院尤其值得關注。在二十世紀六十年代中國文化學院就曾聘請印順等出家法師入校教書，開一時之風氣；其後，中國文化學院成立中華學術院，中華學術院下設諸多研究所，曉雲法師、聖嚴法師等都曾在中華學術院下的佛教文化研究所、佛學研究所等研究和教學機構擔任領導工作。這些研究所一直沒有被教育部承認，但也因此沒有受到「解嚴」前的教育部門太多的羈絆，使得佛教教學和研究機構可以「非正式」的方式存留在「解嚴」前的臺灣高等院校之中，並不斷孕育發展，用「先斬後奏」的方式來為佛教高等教育創辦探索一條新路。另一方面，臺灣大專院校中青年佛學團體的發展，也是臺灣佛教界與高等教育接觸的重要環節。「戒嚴」期間，在大專院校中嚴禁傳教，客觀上為促進佛教學術研究採取客觀中立的科學立場，讓高等教育界最終接納佛教研究，有積極作用；同時為戒嚴後佛教界創辦的大學以世俗教育為主，招收大學生並無佛教信仰的嚴格要求，奠定了基礎。

關鍵字

張其昀；佛教高等教育；大專青年佛學團體

並列摘要

This article argues that the influence of Buddhism in colleges and universities in Taiwan before the Post-Martial Law can be attributed to the following two sides. On one hand, Buddhism gradually went in colleges and universities as a part of traditional Chinese or Eastern culture with the promotion of traditional Chinese culture, among which Chinese Culture Institute founded by Zhang Qiyun deserved special attention. In the 1960s, Chinese Culture Institute hired Buddhist venerable masters such as Yin Shun to teach in the institute, which became more and more popular later. Then Chinese Culture Institute established Chinese Academic Institute, under which there were many research institutes. Buddhist venerable masters such as Xiao Yun and Sheng Yan have all served as leaders in the research and teaching institutions under Chinese Academic Institute, such as the Research Institute of Buddhist Culture and the Research Institute of Buddhist Studies. It was because these institutions were not acknowledged by the Ministry of Education so that they could exist and keep developing in colleges and universities before the Post-Martial Law of Taiwan in an ＂informal＂ way without too much limitations from the government. In this way of ＂taking actions first, explaining later＂, Buddhist tertiary education has explored a new road for development. On the other hand, Buddhist study groups composed of the young and middle-aged in Taiwan's colleges and universities also combined Buddhism in Taiwan with higher education. During the period of Taiwan's Martial Law, the strict prohibition against doing missionary work in colleges and universities objectively made contributions to an objective and neutral scientific position of the academic research on Buddhism and played a positive role in the accepting process of Buddhist research by higher education. At the same time, it has laid a foundation for the colleges and universities established by the Buddhist circle after the Martial Law, which focus on secular education and recruit students without strict requirements of Buddhist belief.