魏氏兒童智力測驗第四版簡式版本於低智能兒童之效度分析

目的：檢驗魏氏兒童智力測驗第四版（Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition, WISC-IV）四因子簡式版本，應用於智能低下或臨界智能學齡兒童的效度。方法：167位6-12歲兒童，接受WISC-IV完整版智力測驗後，分為智能低下組（全量表實際智商 [full scale intelligence quotient, FSIQ] ＜ 69, n = 35）和臨界智能組（FSIQ = 70-84, n = 132）。再以WISC-IV中的「類同─矩陣推理─數字序列─符號尋找」和「類同─矩陣推理─記憶廣度─符號尋找」形成兩種簡式版本，以線性轉換法與比例估計法推估全智商，比較完整版實際智商與簡短版估計智商之間的相關係數和平均數F檢定。結果：有69%智能低下組兒童及33%臨界智能組兒童無法完成數字序列分測驗，顯示「類同─矩陣推理─數字序列─符號尋找」不適用於智力功能較弱兒童。而「類同─矩陣推理─記憶廣度─符號尋找」簡短版，在智能低下組兒童，不論是線性估計法或比例推估法之估計智商，與實際智商的相關係數都在.82以上，且估計智商與實際智商之間的平均數無顯著差異，顯示「類同─矩陣推理─記憶廣度─符號尋找」簡短版對智能低下兒童是相對較適合的選擇。結論：智能低下組學齡兒童可採用「類同─矩陣推理─記憶廣度─符號尋找」簡短版估計全量表智商；但對臨界智能組兒童，則建議採用WISC-IV完整版智力測驗評估其智力功能。

關鍵字

智能低下；臨界智能；簡版；魏氏兒童智力測驗

並列摘要

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the validity of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, fourth edition (WISC-IV) tetrad short-forms in children with intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning. Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven children aged 6 to 12 years old were administered the full-scale WISC-IV. They were divided into low intelligence group (full scale intelligence quotient [FSIQ] ＜ 69, n = 35) and borderline intelligence group (FSIQ = 70-84, n = 132). The WISC-IV scaled scores on the following subtests were used to derive two tetrad short-forms scores. One short-form included Similarities, Matrix Reasoning, Letter Number Sequencing, and Symbol Search. Another short-form included Similarities, Matrix Reasoning, Digit Span, and Symbol Search. The short-form FSIQs were estimated by prorated method and linear transformation. The correlations and F-tests between actual and estimated FSIQ were calculated for validity analysis. Results: There were 69% children with low intelligence and 33% children with borderline IQ cannot finish the Letter Number Sequencing subtest. The results indicated that the Similarities-Matrix Reasoning-Letter Number Sequencing-Symbol Search short form was not applicable for children with low to borderline intellectual function. However, the Similarities-Matrix Reasoning-Digit Span-Symbol Search short form indicated well correlations between estimated FSIQ calculated by prorated method or linear transformation and the actual FSIQ in children with intellectual disability (r ＞ .82). Moreover, there were no significant differences between estimated FSIQs and actual FSIQs. Thus, the Similarities-Matrix Reasoning-Digit Span-Symbol Search short form was considered as an optimal option for children with intellectual disability. Conclusion: The Similarities-Matrix Reasoning-Digit Span-Symbol Search short form was applicable to estimate FSIQ in children with low intelligence. However, for children with borderline intelligence, WISC-IV full scales were suggested to use to evaluate their intellectual function.

並列關鍵字

intellectual disability ； borderline intellectual functioning ； short forms ； WISC-IV

參考文獻

陳心怡、花茂棽、張本聖、陳榮華（2011）。以「魏氏兒童智力量表」（第四版）的四因素為基礎之簡式版本分析：臨床應用指引。測驗學刊，58(4)，585–611。https://doi.org/10.7108/PT.201112.0028

Alloway, T. P. (2010). Working memory and executive function profiles of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(5), 448–456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2010.01281.x

Cornoldi, C., Giofrè, D., Orsini, A., & Pezzuti, L. (2014). Differences in the intellectual profile of children with intellectual vs. learning disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35(9), 2224–2230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.05.013

Crawford, J. R., Anderson, V., Rankin, P. M., & MacDonald, J. (2010). An index-based short-form of the WISC-IV with accompanying analysis of the reliability and abnormality of differences. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(2), 235–258. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466509X455470

Donders, J., & Axelrod, B. N. (2002). Two-subtest estimations of WAIS-III factor index scores. Psychological Assessment, 14(3), 360–364. https://doi.org/10.1037//1040-3590.14.3.360

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魏氏兒童智力測驗第四版簡式版本於低智能兒童之效度分析

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