臺灣道法儀式中戲曲化演法和想像

從臺灣道法儀式累積的實地調查和廣泛的蒐集結果發現，儀式中蘊含著豐富的戲曲化演法和想像，這些展演型態或是獨立肩負執行，或是與儀式交互運用以完成儀式的宗教目的。道法儀式的詮釋體系主要是通過道士的說白、唸唱與存想來完成，一般信士只能通過這些不易理解的行為規範，心到神知的相信道士與神鬼間所做的交流。一旦這些交流被道士演法具象化後，參加的信士產生了更強烈的體驗，即從融入到產生娛樂到實踐儀式之目的。本文擬將現行臺北和臺南的道法儀式演法中，對戲曲化演法和想像作一梳理，將焦點置於戲曲元素作為道法儀式宣演的手段，其表現的方式是如何在儀式中運作？戲曲化演法的溝通和理解又是如何彰顯儀式？

關鍵字

道教科儀；道法儀式；靈寶派；正一派；儀式戲劇

並列摘要

From the accumulations of comprehensive field investigations and extensive collections of Taoist rituals in Taiwan, it is found that the ceremonies contain a wealth of Xiquesque performances and imaginations, either executed independently or used reciprocally with the rituals to complete the latter's religious purposes. The interpretative system of Taoist rituals is mainly completed through the Taoist priest's speeches, chants, recitations and meditations on the images of gods, all are the incomprehensible codes of conduct to the laymen who thus can tacitly believe in the priests' engagement in the communications with the gods and ghosts. Once these communications are embodied by the priest's performances, the laymen involved would have their experiences more intensified by a journey from being integrated to being entertained so as to finally meet the purpose of practicing rituals. This article intends to sort out Xiqu's performances and imaginations contained in the current Taoist rituals in Taipei and Tainan with special focus on Xuqu's elements as a means of performing and promulgating Daoist ritual, investigating how their expressive styles operate in rituals and how the communication and understanding brought on by Xiquesque performance manifest Taoist rites.