方術與道術－再論莊子天下篇的創作年代

Fangshu and Daoshu-Rediscuss the creation time of Zhuangzi Tianxia

藍日昌(Lan Jih-Chang)

《弘光人文社會學報》 24期 (2021/07) Pp. 1-21

摘要

《莊子》一書向來分為內、外、雜三篇，〈天下篇〉為《莊子》最後一篇，雖然歷來學者對內、外、雜三篇的作者意見紛歧，大體而言，內篇最能呈現莊子思想，外篇或為莊子後學所作，而雜篇則已經摻雜了漢代道家學者的理論，〈天下篇〉置於雜篇最後一篇，是否為莊子親自所作則眾說紛紜。民國以來學者皆嘗試分析此篇的創作年代，然而都未有一個令人信服的答案，本論文也不敢說解答這個問題，但嘗試從「術」這一詞語在「莊子」中的用法及出現頻率，嘗試提出一個年代上的上下限。

關鍵字

莊子 ； 天下篇 ； 方術 ； 道術

並列摘要

The book ＂Zhuangzi＂ has always been divided into three chapters: ＂Inner, Wai, and Miscellaneous＂. ＂Tianxia＂ is the last article of ＂Zhuangzi＂. Although scholars have different opinions on the authors of the three articles, in general, The article can best present Zhuangzi's thoughts. The outer article may be written by Zhuangzi's posterity, while the miscellaneous article has been mixed with the theories of Taoist scholars in the Han Dynasty. Since the Republic of China, scholars have tried to analyze the creation time of this article, but there is no convincing answer. This thesis does not dare to answer this question, but try to start from the usage and usage of the word ＂shu＂ in The frequency of occurrence, try to propose a chronological upper and lower limit.

並列關鍵字

Zhuangzi ； Tianxia Pian ； Fangshu ； Daoshu