國家環境保護義務落實在設立環境標準之檢討─以東海大學砷污染事件為例

Review of State Production Obligation Realized in the Establishment of Environmental Standards: Illustrated with the Incident of Arsenic Pollution at Tung Hai University

許秀娃(Hsiu-Wa Hsu)

《中華人文社會學報》 14期 (2011/03) Pp. 60-74

摘要

臺中東海大學經過長期檢測與比較，發現自從位於校地前方的中部科學工業園區進駐後，校內砷含量迅速增加，砷含量的濃度甚至高過於國外許多受到嚴重污染的礦區。經臺中市政府環境保護局多次針對工廠煙道口進行砷排放量無預警的檢測，檢測結果卻顯示排放量符合現行管制標準，既然污染源的排放未超標，為何仍造成週遭環境受到砷污染的結果？本文試從基本權的保護功能理論出發，釐清國家的環境保護義務之內涵與界線，以及由國家保護義務所衍生之「危險預防原則」，經由國家設立環境標準為手段，以管制污染源的方式實踐其防患未然的功能。以本案事實為例，即便我國以訂定砷排放標準的方式作為危險預防的手段以履行其國家保護義務，但仍導致砷污染的結果，因此本文試著以環境標準的運用作為檢討，找出應然面與實然面的落差。

關鍵字

國家保護義務 ； 預防原則 ； 環境標準

並列摘要

After long term of examination and comparison by Tung Hai University at Taichung, it is found that when Central Taiwan Science Park has taken residence located at the front of the campus the content of arsenic has increased rapidly, and the concentration of arsenic content is even much higher than lots of the mining areas that have been seriously polluted abroad. Without any early warning for examination of arsenic emission focused on access of factory chimney by Environmental Protection Bureau of Taichung City, the examination results have indicated that the amount of emission is found to be compliance with current controlling standards. Nonetheless, since the origin of emission has not exceeded the standard, why is that its peripheral environment has been resulted with arsenic pollution? This article would start from the perspective of fundamental right of protective function theory to clarify the connotation and borderline of environment protection obligation of state, and the ”risk precautionary principle” derived from state protection obligation. For the environmental standards established by state will be used as the measures, they will then be used to control origin of emission to realize the precautionary function. Take the facts of this case for illustration, even if we have resorted to the measure setting down emission standard for arsenic as the state precautionary against risk in fulfilling its state protection obligation, it has still resulted in the outcome of arsenic pollution. As such, this article would attempt to make use of the operation of environmental standards for review so as to find out the gap ”what it should be” and ”what it is.”

並列關鍵字

State Protection Obligation ； Precautionary Principle ； Environmental Standard