易洛魁聯盟的政治創舉對美國憲政的影響

The Influence of the Political Initiation of Iroquois Confederacy on the American Constitutionalism

宋玉波(Yü -Po Sung)

《中華人文社會學報》 14期 (2011/03) Pp. 76-91

摘要

直到20世紀最後二十幾年，易洛魁聯盟的原始民主和聯盟政治對美國建國及其民主化的重要影響才為人所注意。在美國建國過程中，易洛魁人對國父們的教益良多，這已經成為較為普遍的共識。首先，在國家政治一些最基本的方面，如聯盟國家形式、分權制衡的權力結構等，都直接模仿自易洛魁聯盟的實踐。其次，美國的民主化，公民權利自由的全國化，也都受到易洛魁聯盟的平等和民主實踐的鼓舞。再次，美國政界、學界對易洛魁聯盟政治對美國立憲建國和民主化的影響由不承認到逐步承認並且日益認真對待，也表明美國社會趨於進步和開明。

關鍵字

易洛魁聯盟 ； 民主聯盟制 ； 分權制衡 ； 美國立憲 ； 美國民主化

並列摘要

The remarkable influence of the union politics and primitive democracy of Iroquois Confederacy on the establishment of USA and its democratization had long been ignored until the last quarter of 20th century. It is now somewhat widely accepted that Iroquois had taught the founders in many ways in founding the USA. On the one hand, some most important aspects, such as the union form of nation and the checks and balances in power structure, of the USA were coined from that of Iroquois Confederacy. On the other hand, the democratization and nationalization of civil rights and civil liberty in USA were also encouraged by Iroquois equality and long practice of democracy.

並列關鍵字

Iroquois Confederacy ； Democratic Union ； Checks and Balances ； American Constitutionalism ； the Democratization in USA