長期照護機構住民營養狀態評估指標之研究

A Survey to Identify Effective Nutritional Assessment Indicators in Long-Term Care Facilities

邱怡玟(Yi-Wen Chiu) ； 林文元(Wen-Yuan Lin) ； 謝柏均(Po-Chun Hsieh) ； 李佳霙(Chia-Ing Li) ； 邱瓊慧(Chung-Hui Chiou)

《實證護理》 1卷2期 (2005/06) Pp. 112-122

https://doi.org/10.6225/JEBN.1.2.112

摘要

本研究的目的旨在透過機構住民健康檢查以瞭解住民的營養狀況，進而發展簡易、可行、敏感度高的營養不良篩檢指標。本研究從六家長期照護機構中共收集了280位有效樣本，完成率為87.77%，研究方法為問卷填答、人體測量檢查和實驗室檢驗，問卷訪談及人體測量由訪員完成，抽血檢驗則由醫護人員完成，再以SPSS for Window 10.0版進行資料分析。研究結果發現：機構老年住民普遍存在著營養不良的情形，進食形式和身體質量指數、腰圍、上臂中圍和小腿圍五項和總膽固醇值、血清白蛋白值、血紅素值均有統計學上之顯著差異，而上臂中圍、腰圍、進食途徑和身體活動功能，經複迴歸分析發現則是最能預測營養狀態的因素，故以人體學測量法和簡易飲食評估法，不但可以用非侵入性的方式即可獲得輔助性的客觀營養不良參數，對長期照護機構的照護人員亦非常容易施行，可說是一種具有經濟效益的營養評估方法，有助於提升機構照護的品質。

關鍵字

長期照護機構 ； 營養評估 ； 營養指標

並列摘要

The aim of this study was to develop effective indicators of nutritional assessment by examining the nutritional status of the elderly living in long-term care facilities. We interviewed 280 subjects from 6 long-term care facilities. The rate of completion was 87.77%. Each long-term care facility resident was evaluated by a trained assistant by means of anthropometric measurements and a structured questionnaire. Blood biochemical tests were performed at the same time. Data were processed via SPSS for Windows 10.0 software. The results revealed that a poor nutritional status was common among residents of these facilities. The eating patterns and mean anthropometric measurements, including BMI, waist circumference, mid-arm circumference and lower leg circumference in residents with normal blood data in relation to cholesterol, albumin and hemoglobin were significantly (p＜.05) higher than in those with abnormal blood data in relation to cholesterol, albumin and hemoglobin. Mid-arm circumference, waist circumference, eating pattern and ADL score are the most reliable predictors of poor nutrition by multiple regression. In conclusion, the findings indicated that anthropometric measurements and dietary assessment were effective and efficient tools for nutritional assessments. These two simple non-invasive methods can be easily performed by staff to improve the quality of care in long-term care facilities.

並列關鍵字

long-term facilities ； nutritional assessment ； nutritional indicator