體重差異、身體意象關注與自尊的關係：體育課類型及性別的調節作用

Relationships among weight difference, body image concern and self-esteem: The moderation of gender and physical education types

陳美華(Mei-Hwa Chen)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 16卷2期 (2016/11) Pp. 1-20

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT2016.1602.01

摘要

身體意象關注指的是過度專注於外表、外表缺陷以及相關的行為，如外表的一再確認、避免社交等。體育課是一個強調體格及提供許多機會去批判身體外表的場域，特別是審美類運動，可能引起參與者對身體外表更多的自我覺察。目的：本研究主要探討性別及體育課類型在體重差異、身體意象關注及自尊上的調節作用。方法：研究對象包括台灣地區四所大學修習體育課學生，共404人(平均年齡為20.25±1.07，男生175人，女生229人)，體育課上課項目為審美類共有159人，非審美類共有245人。測驗工具包括身體意象關注問卷、自尊、目前體重及理想體重。結果：身體意象關注及體重差異女生皆高於男生；女生在「外表不滿意」、「社交阻礙」及「缺點掩飾」上亦高於男生；審美類體育課學生在「外表不滿意」上高於非審美類體育課學生；性別與體育課類型在「缺點掩飾」上有交互作用。性別與「體重差異」之交互作用、體育課類型與「缺點掩飾」之交互作用顯著預測自尊。結論：女生、參與審美類體育課的學生在身體意象關注上高於其他學生；性別可調節體重差異與自尊之間的關係；體育課類型可調節缺點掩飾與自尊之間的關係。

關鍵字

客觀理論 ； 自我覺察 ； 身體聚焦

並列摘要

Purpose: This study examined gender and physical education types (PE type, included aesthetic and non-aesthetic sport) differences on weight difference, body image concern and self-esteem and their moderate effects between variables relationship. Method: Participants were 404 students (Mean age=20.25±1.07, 175 males, 229 females) who enrolled in physical education classes from 4 universities in Taiwan. There were 159 students enrolled in aesthetic physical education classes and 245 students enrolled in non-aesthetic. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires that assess body image concern, self-esteem, current weight and ideal weight. Results: Females had higher scores on body image concern, the weight discrepancy (current weight minus ideal weight), dissatisfaction about appearance, flaw camouflaging, and social avoidance than males. The students enrolled in aesthetic physical education classes had higher score on dissatisfaction about appearance than enrolled in non-aesthetic physical education classes. There was significance in gender and PE type interaction effect on flaw camouflaging. Both gender with weight difference interaction and PE type with flaw camouflaging significantly predicted self-esteem. Conclusion: Females and the students enrolled in aesthetic physical education classes have higher body image concern than other students. Gender moderates the relationship between weight difference and self-esteem, and PE type moderates the relationship between flaw camouflaging and self-esteem.

並列關鍵字

objectification theory ； self-awareness ； body-focus

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