正念、執行功能與運動表現之關聯

The associations of mindfulness and executive function with sport performance

粘瑞狄(Jui-Ti Nien) ； 吳治翰(Chih-Han Wu) ； 齊璘(Lin Chi) ； 林季燕(Chi-Yen Lin) ； 張育愷(Yu-Kai Chang)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 18卷2期 (2018/11) Pp. 39-56

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.201811_18(2).0003

摘要

目的：主要是針對正念、執行功能與運動表現三者間關聯的文獻進行回顧，了解執行功能在正念與運動表現之間可能扮演的角色。方法：透過正念、冥想、運動員、運動表現、認知功能與執行功能等關鍵字在Google Scholar, PubMed, 與華藝圖書館等文獻搜索網站搜尋相關實證文獻。結果：本研究發現運動表現的提升可能與正念促進個體之流暢、專注、幸福感，減少壓力與焦慮，以及降低皮質醇有所關聯；此正念效益特別在精準性運動項目上被發現。另一方面，執行功能與運動表現之間呈現正向關聯，並可能預測運動員未來表現。其中，抑制功能與運動表現的關係最為明顯。最後，正念與執行功能亦呈現正向關聯，與運動表現類似地，正念同樣對於抑制功能有較明確的影響。所以執行功能似乎牽動著運動員的競賽表現，且正念訓練亦可促進執行功能的提升。結論：正念會透過生理和心理狀態而影響運動表現，大腦認知神經之執行功能在其間可能扮演著重要的角色，這一點值得未來研究加以探討，或許可作為運動員採用正念訓練時的依據。

關鍵字

正向心理學 ； 精準性運動 ； 認知神經科學

並列摘要

This study was to review the relational and operative links among mindfulness, executive function and sport performance, and to further examine the role of executive function as it may obtain between mindfulness and sport performance. Method: The databases searched were PudMed, Google Scholar and Airiti Library in researching academic references for this study. The following search terms were used: ＂mindfulness＂, ＂meditation＂, ＂mindfulness training＂, with search terms relevant to executive functions including ＂cognitive functions＂ and ＂executive functions＂, as well as search terms relevant to ＂sport＂, ＂sport performance＂, ＂athletes＂ and ＂athletic performance＂. Results: The results have suggested that mindfulness improves sport performance and may be related to mental states (flow, concentration, well-being), emotional regulation (anxiety) and biological marks (salivary cortisol). In particular, these benefits of mindfulness have been found to positively affect precision sports performance. In addition, a positive correlation was found between executive function and athletic performance, in which case the inhibition function was the most highlighted aspect. Similar to sport performance, there was a positive correlation between mindfulness and executive function, regarding consistent inhibitory improvement. Conclusion: The effects of executive functions play an important role, operating between mindfulness and sports performance, thus, further research is warranted to better understand the mediation effects of executive functions, as registering significant potential between mindfulness and sport performance.

並列關鍵字

positive psychology ； precision sports ； cognitive neuroscience

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