職棒裁判判決與球迷知覺公平的關係：團體偏私的效果

目的：瞭解職棒球迷對裁判判決公平性的知覺是否會因所屬團體和狀況條件的不同而有所差異。方法：以二因子受試者間設計將120名中信兄弟球迷依團體類型（內團體、外團體）和狀況條件（有利條件、不利條件）的不同進行四組分派，俟其觀賞完指定影片後立即針對裁判判決的公平性知覺進行評斷。結果：二因子變異數分析結果顯示，團體類型和狀況條件單獨存在時並不會對公平性知覺帶來太大的影響，但將兩個因素同時納入考量時，則會有交互作用效果出現。在主審的判決對內團體有利和對外團體不利的二種情況下，公平性評斷就會較高；然若是對內團體不利和對外團體有利的另二個情況，公平性評斷就會較低。結論：本研究結果支持高認同球迷對裁判判決公平性的評斷會受團體偏私所影響，也就是球迷會因為團體立場的不同，對事件的解讀就不一致，而這個解讀通常會以對自己有利的角度去看待事情。根據上述研究發現，也在實務和未來研究層面提供一些建議。

關鍵字

內團體；外團體；球隊認同；觀眾行為

並列摘要

Purpose: This study examined the effects of the status of belong group and favorable condition on the professional baseball fans' perception of the fairness of referees' judgement. Method: A two-factor factorial design was applied to estimate the effective of group favoritism in this study and 120 fans of Brothers Baseball Club were divided into four sections by group type (in-group and out-group) and favorable condition (favorable and unfavorable). These participants were asked to review the specific plays of game videos and responded immediately to the perception of fairness of the referee's judgement. Results: The results indicated an interaction of group type and favorable condition on the perception of fairness of the referee's judgement, instead of the main effects of group type and favorable condition. To elaborate, the perception of fairness of the referee's judgement would be higher when the judgements were favorable to the in-group and unfavorable to the out-group. In contrast, the perception of fairness of the referee's judgement would be lower when the judgements were unfavorable to the in-group and favorable to the out-group. Conclusion: The findings support that, for those fans who have a high level of team identification, their perception of fairness of referee's judgements is likely to be influenced by group favoritism. Therefore, it always depends on the group position and favorable condition for fans to interpret the fairness of the referee's judgements. This study also provides suggestions for practitioners and researchers based on our findings.