運動對認知功能影響之文獻回顧：認知負荷強度視角

A literature review of exercise intervention impacts on cognitive function: A perspective of cognitive load

張緯(Wei Zhang) ； 洪巧菱(Chiao-Ling Hung)

《臺灣運動心理學報》 22卷2期 (2022/07) Pp. 55-85

https://doi.org/10.6497/BSEPT.202207_22(2).0003

摘要

運動介入有助於提升認知功能，而運動中帶有較高認知負荷強度可能更為提升認知功能的關鍵之一。具高認知負荷強度之運動種類，更可能作為有效提升認知功能的運動介入。但過往文獻多數針對運動種類而非認知負荷強度作為實驗設計中的自變項，且尚未有研究統整探討運動介入中不同認知負荷強度對認知功能改善效益的影響。因此，本回顧性文章藉由認知負荷強度的視角，以不同認知負荷強度之運動介入對認知功能、執行功能的效益為主軸，對相關文獻進行篩選，並就過去研究在參與者、實驗設計、運動介入、認知負荷強度等因素或調節因子做論述。整理過去文獻研究設計的異同，討論何種強度的認知負荷可能可以提供最佳的認知功能、執行功能改善效果。發現相較無認知負荷之控制組或低認知負荷強度之運動介入組，高認知負荷強度之運動介入在認知功能上（注意力、工作記憶、抑制控制等）有較好的改善效果，且在執行功能方面也呈現出較快的反應速度與較大的P3振幅。最後，具有高認知負荷強度之運動介入，對於各族群的認知功能、執行功能產生良好的改善效果。這些正面效益有助於作為支持具有高認知負荷強度之運動介入，對認知功能改善效果有更顯著成效之證據。

關鍵字

認知負荷 ； 認知功能 ； 運動介入

並列摘要

Exercise has been found to beneficial to cognitive function, especially for the type of exercise with higher cognitive load. However, previous studies have aimed at exercise type as an independent variable in the experimental design rather than cognitive load of the exercise. Few studies have comprehensively explored the effects of cognitive load of exercise on the improvement of cognitive function. From the perspective of cognitive load, this study focused on the benefits of exercise with different cognitive workload on cognitive function and executive function, discussing related issues such as participants, experimental design, intervention protocol, and intensity of cognitive load. We sorted out the similarities and differences in the past studies and explored the optimally cognitive load of exercise that may exhibit better benefits on cognitive function and executive function. The results indicated that compared with the control group without cognitive load or the exercise intervention group with low cognitive load, the exercise intervention with high cognitive load demonstrated better improvement on cognitive functions (attention, working memory, inhibitory control, etc.) and faster response speed and larger P3 amplitude in tasks requiring executive function. In conclusion, individuals of various populations can receive more benefits of cognitive function and executive function from exercise with high cognitive load. The findings of this study provide evidence to support the additional benefits of exercise with germane cognitive workload on cognitive function.

並列關鍵字

cognitive load ； cognitive function ； exercise intervention

參考文獻

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