職業運動員新冠肺炎疫情風險管理知覺因素之研究：以中華職棒大聯盟第31年球季為例

目的：為了解中華職棒大聯盟（CPBL）第31年球季本土選手，對新冠肺炎（COVID-19）的風險管理認知，並預測未來COVID-19疫情影響下，球員風險自承進場打球的意願。方法：採訪視法蒐集意見，並以紮根理論逐步形成問卷，調查4個球團100名CPBL本土球員意見。在獲取93份有效問卷後，採Cronbach's α值檢定進行信度考驗與因素分析。所確認的7項因素，分別為：球員對日常生活／到球場擔心事情（2項）、到球場自我防疫措舉（1項），及對CPBL聯盟／球團防疫措舉觀感（3項），球員風險自承前來球場打球意願（1項），藉以進行差異分析、相關以及多元逐步迴歸分析。結果：在差異性方面：CPBL本土球員人口統計變項與各因素均未達顯著水準。因此假設1-3均不獲得支持。在相關性方面：各因素之相關性均達到顯著水準，因此假設4-5均獲得支持。在迴歸方面：對於CPBL本土球員前往現場比賽動機的顯著正向預測因子為：「對中華職棒防疫政策與執行滿意程度」、「對球團一般防疫措施與執行滿意程度」、「比賽現場個人防疫措舉了解程度」與「對球團特殊防疫措施與執行滿意程度」。結論：CPBL本土球員對COVID-19防治看法不具差異性。球員配合聯盟與球團防疫措舉配合程度，以及聯盟與球團防疫執行成果滿意程度均相當高。球員未來疫情期間風險自承前來球場打球之意願，受他們對於中華職棒防疫政策與執行滿意程度、球團特殊防疫措施與執行滿意程度，以及聯盟與球團防疫執行成果滿意程度之影響。研究者並提出以下建議：一、實務方面：球員、聯盟、球團應持續COVID-19風險管理，使球賽順利舉行；將各防疫措舉娛樂或儀式化，以引起大家興趣；對成功防疫模式進行知識管理，以傳承經驗並提高防疫效率。二、後續研究：可再深入了解各項因素間的因果關係、可針對其他CPBL利害關係團體、外籍球員進行本議題之研究；與其他種類運動選手針對本議題比較；CPBL球員因COVID-19疫情而影響個人收入的相關研究；未來政府，疫情防治政策從清零轉向與病毒共存後，是否球員對於COVID-19疫情風險管理觀念會有所改變，亦值得觀察。

關鍵字

新冠肺炎； CPBL本土球員；風險辨識；風險自承；風險管理策略

並列摘要

Purpose: This study evaluates the perceptions of baseball players of the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) toward risk management for COVID-19 in the 31st season of 2021. The study also analyzes the willingness of players to risk returning to the baseball field during a pandemic. Methods: Using a grounded theory methodology, we collect data on the opinions of 10 players through an interview questionnaire and develop a 5-point-scale questionnaire to gather their opinions on pandemic risk management. The study achieves 93% validity from 100 native players by using Cronbach's α test. Seven factors are evaluated using one-way ANOVA and a t test. Stepwise regression analysis is also used to predict willingness to risk returning to the field. Results: Demographic characteristics and the seven factors are not significantly related. However, the correlations among all the seven factors are positive. The factors that affect the willingness of CPBL players to return to the field are ＂satisfaction toward the CPBL League's pandemic prevention measures,＂＂satisfaction toward the teams' general pandemic prevention measures,＂＂individual player's pandemic prevention measures,＂ and ＂satisfaction toward the teams' special pandemic measures.＂ Conclusion: The perceptions of native CPBL players toward COVID-19 risk management indicate no significant differences among all seven factors. The players are fairly cooperative with the league and team's pandemic measures and are also satisfied with the implementation of the pandemic measures. This study proposes some practical suggestions. First, players, CPBL, and teams should continue managing COVID-19 risk when hosting games. Pandemic prevention measures can be made entertaining or habitual for visitors. Second, future studies should conduct further comparative research on CPBL stakeholders and foreign players, other sports teams or leagues, and the economic impact of CPBL players. Finally, studies can investigate changes in risk management perceptions due to the pandemic policy adjustments by the Centers for Disease Control.

並列關鍵字

COVID-19 ； Chinese Professional Baseball League ； risk identification ； risk retention ； risk management strategy

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