《周易》論趨吉避凶之道─以宋代史事《易》學為義理驗證

Discussion of ZHOUYI on How to Pursue Good Fortune and Exorcise Evil Forces-To Verify with Morality Principles from Historical Events and the Study of Yi in Song Dynasty

劉秀蘭(Shiow-Lan Liou)

《高應科大人文社會科學學報》 8卷2期 (2011/12) Pp. 213-235

https://doi.org/10.29888/KUASJHSS.201112.0003

摘要

《周易》本憂患之書，〈繫辭下傳〉說：「《易》之興也，其於中古乎？作《易》者其有憂患乎？」因為憂世，所以其「辭危」，教人思考危機的生成及轉換之道。六十四卦中，〈屯〉卦、〈否〉卦、〈剝〉卦……等，即代表人生旅途中各種不同型態的困境，其中蘊藏的戒世功能與意涵，亦為歷代《易》學家所重視發揚。尤其是宋代史事《易》學的論述，有許多值得參考借鑑。因此不管是胡瑗、程頤、李光、楊萬里……等人，皆有不少歷史經驗的提供。本文藉由援史證《易》的實例舉證，探討「括囊无咎」、「不利君子正」、「明夷于飛」、「順而止之」、「內文明而外柔順」之幾種危機轉換之道，在歷史人物、事件與情境的警示中反思人在天地間的進退取捨，示人如何在變動之際因應危難，尋求出路，以趨吉避凶。並用以提高自我之生命層次，及處世態度。亦勉勵人在險難中仍應堅持正道，以進德修業，開創新局。

關鍵字

周易 ； 憂患 ； 順止 ； 李光 ； 楊萬里

並列摘要

ZHOUYI is a book that discusses about worries and disasters; The Great Treatise II, indicated that ”The emergence of Yi begun from the time of Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty as well as Tang Dynasty. Whoever wrote down Yi, they possessed intuitive attitudes toward possible worries and disasters.” As they felt pessimistic toward the world, their use of languages were full of warnings. They teach people how to think about the formations of crisis and ways of turning around. For instance, speaking of sixty-four hexagrams, such as ”TUN” hexagram, ”PI” hexagram, and ”BO” hexagram, each represents the different crises people might encounter during their lifetimes, in which the functions and meanings hidden to give people warning signs. These are what the scholars of Yi from generations past put emphasis on. Especially in the theories of Yi in the historical events of Song Dynasty, there are a lot of references worthwhile to take as mirror reflection. Thus, people such as Hu Yuan, Cheng Yi, Li Kuang, and Yang Wan Li all provided many theories and historical experiences on the topics. In the study, by actual examples occurred in the history the researcher tries to prove what was mentioned in Yi, to make investigations on several crises- ”It's similar to the act of tying up pocket hole, to make no errors when being cautious”, ”When the bad people are having their ways, people who are righteous are in disadvantage of such situations”, ”To make adaptation to the environments and then things will smooth out eventually”, ”People who are dying are with hard times to extend their talents”, and ”People who are with integrity and kindness, are able to fight against brutalities and win an upper hand, or to be promoted at an opportune time”. With ways of how to turn around on those instances, moreover, from the warnings shown in the historical figures, events and circumstances, It can be reflected on how people should give or take with their actions as being a member between the earth and heaven, as well as on showing people how to react to dangerous environments during the times of changes in order to make things better and at the same time to avoid bad things. In addition, one can improve his own life to higher levels, as well as his own attitude towards life. Finally, to encourage people always keep their integrity even when in sufferings. At the same time, to make perfect on their virtue and advance on their study to create a whole new frontier for themselves.

並列關鍵字

Zhouyi ； Worries and Disasters ； Pursue Good Fortune and Exorcise Evil Forces ； To make adaptation to the environments and then things will smooth out eventually ； Li Kuang