後新冠肺炎（COVID-19）時代，郵輪產業美容美體SPA館主管不同之轉換型領導，對人格特質與組織承諾對其調節效果研究

2020年是遊輪產業遭受疫情打擊的受創年，國際郵輪協會（Cruise Lines International Association, CLIA）主動宣布，美國郵輪航線停航至今年12月31日。隨著後新冠肺炎疫情和緩之際，如何讓短線郵輪儘早投入航線及提供全方位的休閒活動是其的趨勢，臺灣相關的美容美體SPA館主管與從業人員，對於防疫觀念與流程已經內化至日常工作之中。未來將成為短線郵輪不可或缺的亮點，本研究認為郵輪屬於獨立空間，美容美體SPA館設在郵輪上難從外界獲得援助，因此美容美體SPA館之團隊運作尤為重要，另外美容美體SPA的工作者需近距離與消費者接觸。因此，如何在未來疫情減緩或郵輪旅遊再次啟航，臺灣美容美體SPA館的自主管理經驗成為進入郵輪產業重視的課題。過去組織承諾與組織公民行為的分析單位多聚焦在員工層級，但在本議題中，主管的組織公民行為才是郵輪中美容美體SPA館之成功關鍵。本研究認為以主管為研究對象更具價值，因為主管在工作內、外付出的心力及留職意願比員工更具影響力，加以防疫態度與實際操作經驗。即為深入探討郵輪上建設美容美體SPA館之主管人格特質、組織承諾與組織公民行為間的關聯性，並剖析轉換型領導對組織承諾的調節效果，本研究以短線郵輪中美容美體SPA館發展的可能性為研究目的。限於郵輪尚未建立美容美體SPA館且缺乏相關資料，權以300份類似性質的美容美體沙龍店主之答卷資料進行迴歸分析（使用SPSS軟體），以作為郵輪建置美容美體SPA館為建議之樣本，研究結果顯示，美容美體SPA館主管的人格特質對組織承諾及組織公民行為具有不同的影響，且透過主管採用不同之轉換型領導，對人格特質與組織承諾之關係有不同的調節效果。是故，本研究之首要貢獻為以陸地之容美體沙龍店做為樣本，提供未來郵輪建置美容美體SPA館之參考。其次，短線郵輪在應聘美容美體SPA館之主管應將人格特質列為考量，方能提升該主管之組織承諾與組織公民行為的展現，並培訓主管運用合適的轉換型領導，激發組織承諾促進組織公民行為的提升，以利美容美體SPA館業務在郵輪上的獨立運作及防疫觀念推動。

關鍵字

五大人格特質；組織承諾；組織公民行為；轉換型領導

並列摘要

With COVID-19 is all over the world from 2019. As the types of leisure activities continue to evolve, short-term cruises are facing fierce competition, and related beauty and body SPA activities will become indispensable equipment for short-term cruises, and their management has become a topic of importance to the cruise industry. In the past, research on human resources tended to focus on the personality traits of employees being interfered with by the leadership style of the supervisor, and the impact on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. This research believes that cruise ships are independent spaces, and it is difficult to obtain assistance from outsiders for beauty and body spas on cruise ships. The team operation of the beauty and body spa is particularly important, and it is more valuable to use the supervisor as the research object. A total of 300 questionnaires were hand out and 218 effective ones were received batch. Hierarchical linear regression was used to study the structural properties. The results showed that there are positive relationships and mediation effect between organizational commitment, organizational citizen behavior, personality, perceived leadership style of employees and firm performance. This study suggested that cruise industry (corporation) should hold staff training regularly, train the transformational leadership competence up, adjust the working conditions and recruit appropriate employees, in order to improve the efficacy of self-motivation and reduce staff turnover and the phenomenon of sabotage, and in turns contributing of SPA pavilion to the organizational performance of cruise ships.

並列關鍵字

Five Personality Traits ； Organizational Commitment ； Organizational Citizenship Behavior ； Transformational Leadership

參考文獻

賴子敬、顧景昇（2020）。臺灣離島渡輪旅遊型態之研究。休閒產業管理學刊，13（2），45-70。

林鉦棽、謝瑜玲（2007）。策略性人力資源管理與組織文化對組織公民行為的影響之研究。人文暨社會科學期刊，3（1），1-15。

杜佩蘭（2017）。社會資本會降低離島居民的壓力嗎?-休閒參與的調節作用。運動休閒管理學報，14（3），23-46。

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Alotaibi, A. G. (2001). Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior: A study of public personnel in Kuwait. Public personnel management, 30(3), 363-376.

國際替代計量

後新冠肺炎（COVID-19）時代，郵輪產業美容美體SPA館主管不同之轉換型領導，對人格特質與組織承諾對其調節效果研究

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