災害指揮體系研究－以宜蘭普悠瑪列車事故為例

近年國內外發生多起遊覽車（巴士）翻覆、起火、列車出軌等災害事故，造成多名民眾傷亡，現場救災指揮體系含括公、私部門，不同救災單位於救災現場無法整合，影響救災效率，時常引發民眾不滿，引發輿論質疑，然而，國內研究針對交通災害事故實際案例大多為探討大量傷病患，卻鮮少討論救災指揮體系。因此，本研究以2018年宜蘭普悠瑪列車事故為例，並設定最嚴重境況，藉由其他陸上交通事故災害研究，探討國內推行緊急事故指揮體系（簡稱ICS）、火場救災指揮與管理作業系統（簡稱CCIO）探討應用之可行性。研究發現當府級應變中心成立，陸上交通事故可以ICS概念推動指揮架構，功能分組由地方政府交通局、消防局、區公所（鄉、鎮、市）、警察局、衛生局、秘書處、民政局、社會局等局處，由政府整體共同推動，此外，為利各消防單位迅速整合，應落實指揮、控制、通訊，而不同局處間則應強調協調與合作，建立救災共識，而如災情重大，中央災害應變中心成立時，建議交通部應派員至現場前進指揮所擔任協調官，最後，建議地方政府應建立大型機具噸數調派作業聯絡清冊，俾利第一時間調派至現場支援作業。

關鍵字

緊急事故指揮體系；火場救災指揮與管理作業系統；陸上交通事故；列車出軌；最嚴重境況

並列摘要

In recent years, such as bus overturning, bus fire, and train derailment, there have been many traffic accidents at home and abroad causing many casualties. Disaster response command system includes public-private sectors, but different disaster-related governments authorities can't be integrated effectively at the disaster scene in many case. Due to lacking of efficiency, which often leads to public dissatisfaction and public opinions. However, studies on traffic accidents, most of them are concerned about mass casualties incidents, but are rarely discussing disaster response command system. Hence, this study takes the Yilan Puyuma Express train derailment accident in 2018 as an example, and sets the worst case scenario intending to find whether land traffic accidents rescue can be applied to ICS (Incident Command System) and CCIO (Command and Control of Incident Operation) through empirical studies. The results indicate that after the establishment of municipal government, country, or city government tier Emergency Operation Center, ICS framework can be applied to responding land traffic accident. Through implement of government organizations, the management of functional sections in ICS are comprised of Department of Transportation, Fire Department, District Office (Township Office, City Office), Police Department, Department of Health, Secretariat, Department of Civil Affairs, Department of Social Welfare, etc. In addition, fire units should enforce ＂command and control＂ strategies and communication to integrate rapidly in disaster scenes, by contrast, the key point of interaction between each departments are collaboration and coordination to build up emergency consensus. It is recommended that Ministry of Transportation and Communications should dispatch coordinator to local Incident Command Post and local government should create heavy machinery contact list for immediate dispatching.