大規模地震災區搜救決策之研究－以「維冠金龍」大樓之「大鋼牙」搜救行動為例

Research on Rescue Decision- Making after a Massive Earthquake- A Case Study of Wei Guan- Jin Long Search and Rescue Mission

吳念蓁(N. J. Wu) ； 黃世滄(S. T. Huang) ； 曾瑞曲(R. Q. Tseng) ； 吳榮平(Z. P. Wu)

《危機管理學刊》 18卷1期 (2021/03) Pp. 21-32

https://doi.org/10.6459/JCM.202103_18(1).0003

摘要

2016年2月6日震撼全臺之0206美濃地震，造成臺南市永康區之「維冠金龍」大樓倒塌，死亡人數高達115人，為臺灣史上單一建築倒塌死傷人數最多之震災。「維冠金龍」大樓為七棟建物共同組成之住商混合大樓，因建築結構相當複雜，倒塌後之樓層呈鬆餅狀堆疊，加上受困人員眾多，搜救難度不在話下。值得注意的是，此次「維冠金龍」之搜救成效備受各方肯定，其中最關鍵處即為「大鋼牙」之介入時機及方式，本研究選取13位「維冠金龍」搜救工作的重要指揮、決策者進行問卷調查，依構面及因子權重值的排序結果可知，「現場安全」構面是決策者應用重機具時的首要考量，無論是搜救者、受困者安全或周圍環境安全之權重值都相當高，此結果與國內外救災準則中皆強調救災安全之前提是相符的。由於重機具應用於地震災區大型建築物倒塌搜救已是無法避免之趨勢，如何適當妥善的運用以增進搜救速率、營救深層受困者，值得深入研究與探討。

關鍵字

美濃地震 ； 重機具 ； 搜救決策 ； 層級分析法

並列摘要

The collapse of the ＂Wei Guan-Jing Long ＂ complex in Yong Kang District in Tainan City, which happened during the earthquake on February 6th , 2016, is the most tragic incident in terms of casualties in a single housing complex. The entire incident resulted in 115 deaths. The rescue mission was extremely difficult due to its complex structure which is composed of 7 buildings, with overlapped floors in the rubble making the rescue even more challenging. It's worth noting that the effectiveness of the search and rescue in this event has been affirmed by all parties, and the most critical point is the timing and method of intervention for concrete crusher. In this study, 13 main commanders and decision makers, dedicated to the rescue mission of Yong Kang - Wei Guan building, are selected to respond to the questionnaire survey, to further obtain the numerical weight and priority to each element in different facets. The result of the survey indicates that the facet of ＂site safety＂ is the primary consideration for decision makers when using the heavy machinery, including the safety of rescuers, the safety of the trapped persons and the safety of the surrounding environment. Furthermore, this outcome is consistent with the prerequisites for the disaster rescue both in the domestic and international disaster rescue guidelines. It is the inevitable trend to apply the heavy machinery on the search and rescue in earthquake-stricken areas with collapsing large buildings. Therefore, it is an issue worthy of research and discussion on how to properly use heavy machinery to speed up search and rescue, especially for victims trapped in the deep underground.

並列關鍵字

Mei Nong Earthquake ； Heavy Machinery ； Rescue Decision-Making ； Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)

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