從專業知識到家庭醫藥之轉型：民國時期中西醫對流感的治療與調攝

傳統中國，醫藥知識的專書多以經典醫書的方式呈現，不管是世醫還是儒醫，都具有一定水準的專業閱讀與文字解讀之能力。明、清以來出現的通俗醫書，雖然已讓醫學知識略為普及，但一般民眾手中能掌握的，主要還是些方書與藥書，知識擴散的範圍比較狹窄。自晚清以降，隨著新式報刊的出現，醫學知識開始透過白話，去除了艱澀的理論，以「家用」、「居家」、「常備」等語言形式呈現，直接刊載有效藥方，出現在人們的日常生活中；而既有的疾病專業知識，則依舊在醫界的經典醫書或刊物中尋求知識的拓展，與報刊刊載的通俗知識呈現二元分立並行的狀態。本文即以「流感」一病為討論中心，探討這類知識轉型及其呈現的方式，並討論其背後所代表的意義。

關鍵字

流行性感冒；傳染病；中醫；治療法；醫療史

並列摘要

In traditional China, the publications of medical knowledge were mostly classic medical literatures. Hereditary physicians or literati physicians showed certain degree of competence of professional reading and written comprehension. Although popular medical literatures in Ming and Qing dynasty resulted in prevalence of medical knowledge, the public mainly obtained the books of prescription and medicine. Knowledge diffusion was limited. From the late Qing period, with the introduction of new journals, medical knowledge became colloquial instead of difficult theories. By the terms such as ＂domestic expense＂, ＂home＂ and ＂basic＂, they directly published the effective prescriptions in people's daily lives. Original professional knowledge of illness still expanded in classic medical literatures or publications in medical circle and it was parallel with popular knowledge in the journals. This study focuses on ＂the flu＂, explores the transformation and presentation of the said knowledge and discusses the underlying meanings.