不同週期振動訓練對體操選手下肢運動表現和神經肌肉之影響

目的：探討4週和8週振動訓練介入後對競技體操選手下肢的運動表現和神經肌肉之影響。方法：16位體操選手隨機配對分成振動訓練組（VT）和控制組（CON），每組各8位，VT組介入為期8週，每週3次，每次10組1分鐘的振動訓練（振頻50Hz，振幅4mm）。受試者們在訓練前、4週後、8週後皆會進行下蹲跳（爆發力）、衝刺（速度）、折返跑（敏捷）、後空翻（專項技術）測驗，使用測力板同步肌電儀，收集下蹲跳和後空翻測驗之動力學和肌電參數，衝刺和折返跑測驗使用燈光儀系統記錄最快時間。統計以混和設計二因子變異數考驗進行分析，顯著水準設為α=.05。結果：一、爆發力表現未達顯著差異（p>.05）。二、速度表現，VT組於4週和8週訓練後顯著優於前測（前測：4.98秒；4週：4.50秒；8週：4.49秒；p<.05）。三、敏捷表現，VT組於8週訓練後顯著優於前測（前測：11.75秒；8週：10.96秒；p<.05）。四、專項技術表現未達顯著差異（p>.05）。五、神經肌肉活化表現，VT組在後空翻起跳時的內側腓腸肌和股外側肌上，於8週訓練後顯著優於前測（p<.05）。結論：本研究驗證透過4週振動訓練會提升體操選手的速度表現，而8週訓練介入可有效提高速度、敏捷和活化部分神經肌肉表現。

關鍵字

後空翻；下蹲跳；衝刺；折返跑；肌電圖

並列摘要

Purpose: To investigate the effects of 4-week and 8-week vibration training interventions on the athletic performance and the neuromuscular effects of the lower limb of artistic gymnasts. Methods: Sixteen gymnasts were randomly divided into the vibration training group (VT) and the control group (CON), with 8 gymnasts in each group. The VT group was involved in a vibration training (frequency 50 Hz, amplitude 4 mm) for 10 sets of 1 minute each time for 8 weeks, 3 times per week. Before, after 4 weeks, and after 8 weeks of training, the subjects were tested in countermovement jump (explosive power), sprint (speed), shuttle run (agility), and back somersault (movement). The kinetic and the electromyography data of the countermovement jump and the back somersault tests are collected by using a force plate synchronized with electromyography (EMG). The fastest speed was recorded by using FitLight system for the sprint and the shuttle run tests. Statistics were analyzed by using the two-way mixed-design analysis of variance with a significance level set at α = .05. Results: (1) Explosive power performance did not reach a significant difference (p > .05); (2) Speed performance of the VT group was significantly better than pre-test after 4 and 8 weeks of training (pre: 4.98 seconds; 4 weeks: 4.50 seconds; 8 weeks: 4.49 seconds; p < .05); (3) Agility performance of the VT group was significantly better than pre-test after 8 weeks of training (pre: 11.75 seconds; 8 weeks: 10.96 seconds; p < .05); (4) There was no significant difference in the movement performance (p > .05); (5) In the neuromuscular performance during the back somersault jump, the VT group performed significantly better in the medial gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis after 8 weeks of training (p < .05). Conclusion: This study validates that 4-week vibration training improves the speed performance of gymnasts, and 8-week training intervention was effective in improving speed, agility and activating partial neuromuscular performance.

並列關鍵字

back somersault ； countermovement jump ； sprint ； shuttle run ； electromyography

參考文獻

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