臺灣私立中小學教育的演進與發展

The Historical Development and Development Trends of Private Elementary and High School In Taiwan

黃文樹(Huang Wen-Shu)

《高雄海洋科大學報》 31期 (2017/03) Pp. 29-63

摘要

本文以文本分析法為主，輔以歷史研究法，旨在探討臺灣私立中小學的歷史演進、發展趨勢、學校規制、師生概況、學費負擔，以及相關議題等。臺灣私立中小學教育肇始於荷西時期的宗教教育，鄭氏王朝有明遺儒的私學活動，清領時期有義學與書房等傳統式教育。到了日治時代，新式教育上場，私立中小學緩步推出。光復後，回歸祖國化教育。當代私立中小學自1950年代初期至1990年代中期，呈現逐年成長趨勢，其後才漸次向下低幅度滑落。當中，私立高中、高職扮演殊重角色，惟學生學費負擔不小。至於晚近少子女化對私校之衝擊大，帶來空前挑戰。

關鍵字

私立中小學 ； 教育 ； 私校教師 ； 學費

並列摘要

This paper aims to explore the historical development, developmental trends, schooling regulations and systems, student-teacher situations, tuition fees and related issues of private elementary and high schools in the Taiwanese context by using document analysis together with historical research. Private elementary and high schools in Taiwan originated from religious education of the Dutch West period, along with Confucians' private schooling activities in the Ming Zheng period as well as traditional education such as charitable schools and private academies during the reign of Qing Dynasty. In addition to the establishment of new education, private elementary and high schools were gradually founded in Japanese colonial era. After the restoration of Taiwan, the education system began to be ruled by the Republic. The period between early 1950s and mid-1960s saw a steady rise in the number of private elementary and high schools, but the number had a subsequent drop. Senior high and vocational high schools played an important part during this period; however, tuition fees became burdensome for students. Recently, the phenomenon of children-reducing (shao tzu hua) has caused a huge impact and an unprecedented challenge in terms of private schools.

並列關鍵字

private elementary and high school ； education ； private schoolteacher ； tuition fees