經史與經世：論清代學者對於顧炎武學術評價之變化

關於顧炎武（1613－1682）之研究，論者多是專研顧氏之學術成就，或是討論顧氏學術思想於明清之際所造成的影響及意義。筆者發現，清代學者們或囿於門戶之見、或因於時代環境，對於顧氏學術有不同的取向及偏好。如在乾嘉時期，人們尊崇及讚揚的是顧炎武經史學術的成就，而非顧炎武的經世思想。道光、咸豐以降的學者們，有別於乾嘉學者偏重於顧氏的經史考證工夫，對於顧氏之學術有較多的認識，顧氏的經世思想受到了學者們的重視。梁啟超（1873－1929）《中國近三百年學術史》嘗云：「有清一代學術，初期為程朱陸王之爭，次期為漢宋之爭，末期為新舊之爭。」梁氏之論，是從清代各期學術焦點而發，可謂相當貼近當時學術之脈動。因此，本文分為三節：清初時期、乾嘉時期、晚清時期，探討顧氏學術於清代評價之變化。

關鍵字

乾嘉學術；顧炎武；學術史；清代學術；考據學

並列摘要

Regarding the research of Gu, Yan-Wu (1613-1682), most researchers studied his academic achievement or discussed the influence and meaning where his academic thought caused academic atmosphere during Ming and Qing dynasty. However, the researcher found out that owing to the different point of view or the time and environment, the scholars in the Qing dynasty had different orientation and preference toward Gu's studies. Therefore, the researcher wrote this essay to discuss it. Liang, Qi-Chao mentioned in his The History of Chinese Academics in the Recent Three Hundred Years, ＂About the academic affair in the Qing dynasty, in the beginning, it's the contention above Cheng, Zhu, Lu, Wang; in the middle stage, it's the contention between the Han and Song dynasty; in the last stage, it's the contention between the new and old.＂ The point of Liang depended on the academic focus of each period in the Qing dynasty and it was quite closed to the academic dynamic at that time. According to this, the researcher separated this essay into three sections-the initial stage of the Qing dynasty, the Chien-Jia period and the later stage of the Qing dynasty-to discuss the evaluation and the variation of selection of Gu in the Qing dynasty.