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合於時用:論晚清以來《說文》的改造應用及對於辭典發展之影響

On the Transformation and Application of "Shuo Wen" in the Late Qing Dynasty and Its Influence

摘要


本文以「《說文通訓定聲》改變《說文》體例」、「從清末教科書與辭書論《說文》觀念之變化」兩點,探討清末《說文》觀念之轉變及影響。清代朱駿聲(1788-1858)《說文通訓定聲》改造《說文》體例,擴大了字義的內容,給予後世編輯辭典之學者,建立了基礎。如朱起鳳(1874-1948)光緒二十二年(1896年)編纂《辭通》,其理念與朱氏《定聲》以「假借」方法整理詞義有所相通。朱氏《定聲》改易《說文》體例,超越許慎《說文》原有之框架,正是其重要創見所在,對於近現代辭典產生影響,此為影響清末《說文》觀念轉變的內在因素。再者,清末學部編譯圖書局向民間徵求自編教科書,也可觀察當時學術風氣的轉變。如在晚清報刊所公布的評選書目中,不乏許多以傳統舊學思維編纂教科書者,其中有受清代由傳統小學之識字通經觀念影響,以改編小學經典著作《說文》作為教科書者,如宣澍甘《說文聲母歌括》及桂潔《經註說文徵實》,皆未獲審查通過為部定教科書,學部審查人並建議參考外國辭書,編纂日常實用之辭書,昔日辭書以許慎《說文》為中心之識字通經觀念,已有所改變,《說文》不再是讀書人必備之工具書。當時社會受西學影響,知識體系產生變化,開始強調實用型辭書之重要性,以順應時人認識新事物及時人學習之需求,這是以《說文》為辭書之主的傳統觀念,在清末轉變的外在因素。

關鍵字

晚清 辭典 報刊 說文 教科書

並列摘要


Zhu Junsheng (1788-1858) reformed the style of Shuo Wen, expanded the content of the meaning of the word, and established the foundation for the scholars who edited the later generations. "Ding sheng" changed the "Shuo Wen" style, it is the important creative place, which has an impact on the modern and modern dictionary. This is the intrinsic factor that influences the change of the concept of "Shuo Wen" in the late Qing Dynasty. In addition, in the late Qing Dynasty, the people asked for self-edited textbooks, reflecting that the concept of "ShuoWen" as the center has been changed. "ShuoWen" is no longer a necessary tool for scholars. At that time, the society was influenced by Western studies, the knowledge system changed, and the importance of practical dictionaries was emphasized. In order to meet the needs of the world to understand new things and to learn in time, the external factors of the transformation in the late Qing Dynasty.

並列關鍵字

Late Qing Dictionary Press Shuo Wen Textbook

參考文獻


(清)朱一新:《無邪堂答問》(臺北:世界書局,1963 年)。
(清)朱駿聲:《說文通訓定聲》(北京:中華書局,1998 年)。
(清)馬建忠:《馬氏文通》(北京:商務印書館,1998 年)。
(清)謝啟昆:《小學考》(臺北:藝文印書館,1974 年)。
丁福保:《說文解字詁林正補合編》第 1 冊(臺北︰鼎文書局,1997 年)。

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