湯英伸事件中文學與社會運動互動研究

湯英伸事件是臺灣解嚴前夕最著名的社會事件之一，其事件本身原為少年殺人事件，但一般定義這個事件多聚焦於原漢不義結構與文化衝突，此與湯英伸本身的鄒族身分有關，更與鄒族背負殺害吳鳳的百年原罪有關。而導致社會大眾普遍以此觀點來看待此事件，又與當時《人間》雜誌的報導相關，其後由湯英伸事件所衍生的原住民運動也多以反對吳鳳神話為出發點，直到吳鳳神話被徹底摧毀，包括：嘉義火車站前的吳鳳銅像被丟雞蛋或破壞、吳鳳鄉改名為阿里山鄉、吳鳳故事從臺灣國民小學的教科書徹底被刪除。從紀念物的破壞到思想層面的拔除，湯英伸事件提供了原住民運動一個重要而具體的符碼與抗爭目標，幫助原住民族在爭取後續的自身權益上提供一個初期最好的施力點，這與文學作品造成的影響有絕對密切的關聯性。本文藉由湯英伸事件中的文學作品與社會運動的互動做出深入探討，期能藉此釐清文學作品於運動當中的力量與角色，特別是藉由一個負面的社會事件，卻創造出正面效果的社會運動成果與歷久彌新不斷被提起的事件相關文學作品，甚至是在事件多年以後，依然有著生生不息的影視作品人物影射其人其事，這證明了這個事件中的文學作品與社會運動的互動所締造的成果已經創造了一個永恆性的代表人物—湯英伸不只是歷史性的、族群性的真實人物，甚至已經被建構成一個不朽的文學形象或是原住民社運的固定符碼，讓人永誌不忘。

關鍵字

湯英伸事件；鄒族；吳鳳神話；原住民運動；社會運動

並列摘要

Tang Ying-shen incident is one of the most famous social events on the eve of Taiwan's lifting of martial law, and its incident itself was originally a juvenile homicide incident, but the general definition of this incident focuses on the unjust structure and cultural conflict of Taiwan's indigenous people and the Han people, which is related to Tang Ying-shen's own identity of the Tsou people, and even more related to the century-old original sin of killing Wu Feng. As a result, the public generally viewed this incident from this point of view, which was related to the report of Renjian magazine at the time, and then the indigenous movement derived from the Tang Ying-shen incident also took the opposition to the Wu Feng myth as the starting point, until the Wu Feng myth was completely destroyed, including: the Wu Feng bronze statue in front of the Chiayi Railway Station was thrown or destroyed, Wu Feng Township was renamed Alishan Township, and the story of Wu Feng was completely deleted from the textbooks of Taiwan's national primary schools. From the destruction of monuments to the uprooting of ideological aspects, the Tang Ying-shen incident provides an important and specific symbol and goal of the indigenous movement, helping indigenous peoples to provide an early best force point in fighting for their own rights and interests in the future, which is absolutely closely related to the impact of literary works. This article makes an in-depth discussion through the interaction between literary works and social movements in the Tang Ying-shen incident, hoping to clarify the power and role of literary works in the movement, especially through a negative social event, but creating positive effects of social movement achievements and long-lasting events related to literary works, even after many years of the incident, there are still endless film and television works characters alluding to their people. This proves that the results of the interaction between the literary works and social movements in this event have created a timeless representative - Tang Yingshen is not only a historical and ethnic real figure, but has even been built into an immortal literary image or a fixed symbol of the indigenous social movement, which people will never forget.