Paul Tillich on the Relationship between Morality and Religion

保羅．田立克論道德與宗教的關係

關啟文(Kwan Kai Man)

《漢語基督教學術論評》 28期 (2019/12) Pp. 7-45

摘要

In his book Morality and Beyond, Paul Tillich investigates the relationship between morality and religion. He argues for three theses: the unconditional character of the moral imperative is its religious quality; love as the ultimate source of the moral commands, and grace as the power of the moral motivation. In this paper, I will systematically explore Tillich’s view on the relationship between morality and religion. I will also provide a critical evaluation of this view, and the above three theses in particular. Tillich argues that in many aspects religion (especially Christianity) fulfills morality. For example, we are driven beyond the unbearable tensions of the sphere of law to search for a transmoral conscience. Despite some disagreements with Tillich, I argue that his general conclusions are plausible. However, some of his discussions are sketchy, and many more points need to be adduced to support them. This is only the beginning of a very important dialogue.

關鍵字

Paul Tillich ； Morality&Religion ； unconditional imperative ； agape ； heteronomy

並列摘要

田立克在他的著作《道德與道德之外》探討了道德與宗教的關係。他論證三個命題：一，道德律令的無條件特性顯示了道德的宗教性；二，愛是道德命令的終極根源；三，恩典為道德動機提供動力。我在論文裡系統地探討田立克以上觀點，並批判地檢視他那三個命題。最終，田立克論證宗教（特別是基督教）在多方面能成全道德。例如，律法領域所產生難以承受的張力驅使我們尋找超執道德的良心。雖然我有些地方不同意田立克，但我認為他的結論一般而言是有道理的。然而，他某些討論還是比較簡單，並需要更多支持的論點。這論文只是一場很重要的對話的開端。

並列關鍵字

保羅．田立克 ； 道德與宗教 ； 無條件的律令 ； 聖愛 ； 他律

參考文獻

Adams, Robert. The Virtue of Faith and Other Essays in Philosophical Theology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Ayer, A. J. “Critique of Ethics and Theology.” In Essays on Moral Realism, edited by Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, 27–40. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988.

Blackburn, Simon. Essays in Quasi-realism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Campbell, Richmond. “Sociobiology and the Possibility of Ethical Naturalism.” In Morality, Reason and Truth: New Essays on the Foundations of Ethics, edited by David Copp and David Zimmerman, 270–96. Totowa, NJ: Rowman and Allanheld, 1984.

Craig, William L. “The Indispensability of Theological Meta-ethical Foundations for Morality.” http://www.leaderu.com/ (accessed on 10 July 2012).