中國社會體育指導員制度之研究

本研究旨在針對中國社會體育指導員技術等級制度進行研究，採用文獻分析法，輔以歷史研究的方法，探討本研究對象有關的內容或問題，並透過對學者專家的論述，政府機構文獻資料的分析等，檢視所蒐集資料的信度、真實度，最後進行質化深層分析，以使本研究更臻完備。研究結果發現：群眾體育在中國已有穩定的基礎，但一直未受重視，改革開放後仍是競技運動的配套角色，無法展現特質。自1994年《制度》正式實施開始，逐步促使體育社會化發展，體育指導員的數量不斷增加，至2004年約有35萬人，預估至2010年約有65萬人從事各級各類社會體育指導員，並成爲職業的一類。透過對本研究目的的分析發現，社會體育指導員技術等級制度已受到全體國民的認同，培訓的方式與過程歷經十餘年的經驗，已修訂爲適合國情與社會發展的制度，不過學者研究結果，一致認爲指導員數量嚴重不足、教育水準和素質偏低，組織結構不夠完善等迫切性缺失；因此，建議可參考歐美先進國家的制度與方法，加強具高素質水準的社會體育指導員專業人才養成，和建立社會體育指導員完善培養體制和管理網絡系統，更合理、充分利用優勢，彌補不足，取得效益，提高成長率和發揮作用。自《制度》正式實施起，經常派學者專家前往先進國家考察後，研擬出適合中國國情和社會發展的制度，是值得我國現階段類似指導員辦法或養成制度之參考。

關鍵字

社會體育指導員；體育指導員；等級制度；群眾體育

並列摘要

This paper was documentary analysis as well as historical research to research the content and problems of the technical ranking system for social sports instructors in China. It goes over arguments held by scholars and experts, as well as analyzes documentary materials of governmental institutions, checking the credibility and authenticity of the materials collected, and finally making a thoroughgoing qualitative analysis. The conclusion is that, despite the fact that mass sports has had a solid foundation in China, it still lacks sufficient emphasis playing a supplementary role in athletic sports and not developing fully even after reforms. Since the official implementation of ＜System＞ in 1994, the number of sports instructors has risen steadily along with the development of sports. In 2004 there were about 350,000 sports instructors, with 450,000 expected to be engaged in the profession at different grades by 2010, bring it more to the realm of a career. This research thus indicates the technical ranking system of social sports instructor has been revised into a system suitable to national conditions and social development after more than ten years of experience in the way and process of training. Scholars, however, still think that there are urgent problems with a small number of instructors, such as a low educational standard as well as imperfections in organizational structure. Therefore, we suggest referring to systems and methods used by advanced countries in Europe and America. In this way, the cultivation of high-level and professional social sports instructors can be strengthened, the cultivation system and management network of social sports instructor can be established. As a result, advantage can be utilized more reasonably and fully, insufficiency can be made up for, profits made, and growth rate increased. After ＜System＞ was stipulated legally, scholars and experts are often sent up to advanced countries to learn how to draft a system fit for China's national conditions and social development. This approach may be worthy for emulation in Taiwan.