由墨家兼愛談「視病猶親」

Treating Patients as if They are Family Members-Based on Mohist's Theory: Love-without-Distinction

蕭宏恩

《高醫通識教育學報》 7期 (2012/12) Pp. 46-61

https://doi.org/10.6453/KMUJGE.201212.0046

摘要

「視病猶親」是醫療專業內流行的一句話，可是，長久以來似乎一直被作為一個達不到的理想而歌頌著，甚至是成為一句呼喊的口號罷了！可是，這卻又是醫療（臨床）情境內之醫、病關係的期望，尤其是居於相對弱勢的病人（及其親屬）方面。那麼，「視病猶親」是可能的嗎？如果是可能的，卻又如何可能？如何的理念不但使其可能，而且得以真正落實並成持續的作為？縱觀儒家的等差之愛、道家隨順自然的虛、無之道、佛家化除「我執」的「空」之理，皆無法成就「視病猶親」踐履之可能，唯由墨家兼愛之「無私」精神方得以成就「視病猶親」之確實實踐。因為就醫如同一種「託付」，墨家兼愛之人正所以讓人安心託付自己的親人，此亦為「人心同然」。而「在乎」才會有所「專注」，醫療專業人的專注方得以發覺並解讀、甚或拆解病人自身的疾病語言、身體符號，才能真正了解當下的「這個病人」。墨家兼愛不是不分你、我，卻是轉化「私（我）」而成就「我」的確實投入共同存在情境。另一方面，墨家不是單單倚靠個人的能為，更是籍由團體的凝聚形成一股力量與救世之氛圍，著落於現代即為服務之精神。當今之醫療亦為團隊的合作，在墨家兼愛之無私（服務）精神的感召下，當可建立「視病猶親」之醫、病關係。

關鍵字

墨家團體 ； 兼愛 ； 視病猶親 ； 託付 ； 專注

並列摘要

Treating patients as if they are family members is a very popular saying in medical professions, but it is often regarded as an unattainable idea or slogan that is merely being praised by everyone. However, in fact, the expectation of an ideal doctor-patient relationship in clinical situations is especially important to those disadvantaged patients and their family members. Is it possible to treat patients as if they are family members? If it is possible, how can it be? Also, what kind of principles can help people not only make this idea possible, but also continue to carry it out in the real life. Reviewing the philosophies in Confucian's love-with-distinction; Taoist's way of ”虛”and ”無” and Buddhist's theory of removing ”我執” to ”空”,none of them can help people achieve the following goal: ”treating patients as if they are family members.” In fact, only the disinterested spirit of Moism: love-without-distinction can make the idea possible. Therefore, medical treatment is based on a trust between doctors and patients. In accordance with Mohist's theory: love-without-distinction, people feel relieved to entrust their health to their doctors who treat them as if they are families. People only concentrate on certain things, because they care. In order to understand patients' needs, medical professionals must stay focused, so they can interpret patients' body language and their signs of diseases.Moism's love-without-distinction is not without making the distinctions between ”you” and ”me.” The true idea of Moism is to transform oneself to a selfless person who is devoted in a coexist situation. In addition, Mohist does not mean to solely rely on an individual's talent, but is to consolidate a cohesive and centripetal force in a group to benefit the society and to save the world. More importantly, the spirit of Mohist group in modern times focuses on social service. Nowadays, medical treatment requires cooperation with team spirit. With Mohist's selfless and service-oriented inspiration, it is feasible to establish a doctor-patient relationship that applies the ideas of treating patients as if they are family members.

並列關鍵字

Mohist group ； Love-without-distinction ； To treat patients as if they are family members ； To entrust ； To concentrate one's attention