通情達理－從《世說新語》建構的語境深化表達能力的底蘊

Understanding and Reasonableness -- From the Context Constructed by ＂Shi Shuo Xin Yu＂ to Deepen the Foundation of Expression Ability

李玲珠(Ling-Chu Lee)

《高醫通識教育學報》 15期 (2020/12) Pp. 71-92

摘要

表達能力被視為現代公民的核心素養之一，也是大學通識教育的重要指標。然而，有效的表達絕無法僅靠語言文字的表象，亦非表達技巧而已；實際關涉不同個體的生命面向、價值取向、情緒變化、表達者的慣性，實是綜合性的藝術。傳統教育重視應對進退，「通情達理」已點出理想的境地。正因涵蓋層面廣泛，底蘊複雜，若能透過「語境」的建構、解構，引領學生進入情境化的覺知與思維，應有利於目標的達成。經典《世說新語》是精彩的志人小說，亦被視為魏晉知識份子的百科全書，擅長以簡練的表達勾勒時人的音容笑貌，機鋒式的清談問難更形成豐富的表達技巧與語境。因此，本文希藉由《世說新語》的文本語境，以應對進退、幽默機智、親密關係三個面向契入現代人日常生活中可能遭遇的課題，以古人為師，擷取經典智慧；活化經典教育的應用範疇，並成為培養表達能力的有效教學策略。

關鍵字

經典教育 ； 表達能力 ； 情境教學 ； 世說新語．言語 ； 世說新語．排調

並列摘要

Expressive ability is regarded as one of the core qualities of modern citizens and an important index of general education in universities. However, effective expression can not only rely on the appearance of words, nor is it just a skill of expression; It is a comprehensive art that is concerned with the life orientation, value orientation, emotional change and the inertia of the expression of different individuals. Traditional education attaches importance to advance and retreat, ＂reasonable＂ has pointed out the ideal situation. Because of its wide coverage and complex background, it is conducive to the achievement of the goal to guide students into situational awareness and thinking through the construction and deconstruction of ＂context＂. The classic Shi Shuo Xin Yu is a wonderful zhiren novel, and is also regarded as an encyclopedia of intellectuals in Wei and Jin dynasties. It is good at outlining the voices and smiles of the people of the time with concise expressions, and the sharp talk and questions form rich expression skills and context. Therefore, based on the text context of Shi Shuo Xin Yu, this paper tries to deal with the three topics that may be encountered in the daily life of modern people from the perspectives of advance and retreat, humor and wit, and intimate relationship, taking the ancients as teachers and extracting classic wisdom. Activating the application category of classical education and becoming an effective teaching strategy to cultivate the ability of expression.

並列關鍵字

Classical education ； Presentation skills ； Situational teaching ； Shi Shuo Xin Yu．speech ； Shi Shuo Xin Yu．make fun